Engine top-end problems usually affect engine performance. These problems can be diagnosed
by a compression test, or by tracing engine noise to the top end with a sounding rod or
stethoscope.
Low compression valve
Incorrect valve adjustment.
Worn or damaged valve seats.
Burned or bent valve.
Incorrect valve timing.
Weak valve spring.
Cylinder head
Leaking or damaged head gasket.
Warped or cracked cylinder head.
Faulty cylinder or piston
Excessive noise
Incorrect valve adjustment
Sticking valve or broken valve spring.
Worn or damaged rocker arm or camshaft.
Worn or damaged cam chain.
Worn or damaged cam chain tensioner.
Worn cam sprocket teeth.
Excessive smoke
Damaged valve stem seal.
Faulty cylinder or piston rings.
5.3 CAM SHAFT ASS’Y REMOVAL
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