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Alpine 3672 - Passive vs. Active Dividing Networks

Alpine 3672
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3672
|
Low-Pass
/
Cloke:
~Pass
Bandpass
a
aE
eae
Frequency
There
are
two
methods
of
implementing
a
crossover
network:
PASSIVE
NETWORKS:
Consist
of
inductors,
capacitors,
resistors
or
a
combination
of
these
components.
The
term
"passive"
refers
to
the
fact
that
there.
are
no
active.
components
(such
as
transistors.
or
op-
amps)
in
these
systems.
Passive
networks
are
inserted
be-
tween
the
amplifier
and
the
speakers.
They
act
on
the
amplified
speaker-level
outputs
of
the
amp.
Passive
networks
are
used
in
most
automotive
2
or
3
way
speakers
and
home
speaker
systems.
SIGNAL
PROCESSOR
Pre-Amp
Level
Output
POWER
AMP
Speaker
Level
Output
PASSIVE
DIVIDING
Speaker
Level
Outputs
SPEAKERS
Passive
networks
are
very
cost-efficient
to
build.
They
also
allow
the
use
of
one
amplifier
to
drive
all
the
components
of
the
speaker
system.
However,
they
have
many
disadvan-
tages:
a.
Inefficiency:
A
considerable
amount
of
power
produced
by
the
amplifier
is
dissipated
(wasted)
through
the
passive
cross-
over
network
before
reaching
the
speakers.
b.
Phase
shift:
Inductive
and
capacitive
characteristics
of
the
passive
networks
introduced.
phase-shift
and.
distortion
into
the
signal
driving
the
speakers...
c.
Intermodulation
Distortion:
As
all
audio
frequencies
pass
through
the
same.
amplifier,
sub-bass
can
intermodulate
mid-
bass
and
midrange
frequencies.and.""muddy"
the
sound.
Also
high.
frequency
.square-wave.
componenis.
that.
result.
from
clipping
low
frequencies,
can
quickly
and
easily
damage
the
tweeters.
d.
Unbalanced
sound:
Due
to
the
fact
that
one:
amplifier
is
driving
all:the.speaker
components,
the
output
level
of
each
driver
is
related.to
its.efficiency.
only.
Low
frequency
drivers
are
generally
less
efficient
than
midranges
or
tweeters.
This
causes
an
imbalance
in
the
output
frequency
response
that
can
only
be
corrected
by
experimentation
and
the
use
of
power-robbing
multi-wait
resistors.
e.
Non-linear
Response:
Inductive
and
capacitive
compo-
nents
react
with
the
non-linear
characteristics
of
a
real-life
speaker
(which
has
its
own
inductance
and
capacitance).
This
results
in
unpredictable
frequency
response
deviation
in
the
total
system
response
that
can
be
very
difficult
to
pin-point
and
correct.
ACTIVE
DIVIDING
NETWORKS:
Consist
of
active
components
such
as
op-amps
and
transis-
tors.
These
components
accomplish
the
filtering
and
signal
division
before
amplification,
while
the
signal
is
still
at
its
pre-amp
level.
An
active
dividing
network
is
inserted
before
the
amplifier(s),
after
all
the
pre-amp
level
signal
processing
is
done.
This
allows
running
separate
amplifiers
for
each
component
driver.
Therefore,
passive
filters
betweenthe
amp
and
the
speaker
components
are
no
longer
necessary.
By
using
separate.amplifiers,
the
drivers
are
completely
isolated
from
each
other:
a.
The
inefficiency
problem
of
the
passive
networks
is
elim-
inated
because
there
are
no
longer
any
additional
compo-
nents
(such
as
inductors,
capacitors,
or
resistors)
between
the
amplifier
and
the
speaker.
This
ensures
that
all
the
output
of
the
amplifier
is
delivered
to
the
speaker.

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