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Commodore Amiga A1000 User Manual

Commodore Amiga A1000
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AMIGA HARDWARE
REFERENCE MANUAL
© 1992 Commodore Business Machines
Amiga 1200 PAL

Table of Contents

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Commodore Amiga A1000 Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandCommodore
ModelAmiga A1000
CategoryDesktop
LanguageEnglish

Summary

Chapter 1 Introduction

Components of the Amiga

Lists the hardware components of the Amiga system.

The MC6X000 and the Amiga Custom Chips

Describes the main processor and the custom chips that enhance system performance.

System Expandability and Adaptability

Explains how peripheral devices can be added to Amiga models and the expansion capabilities.

Some Caveats to Hardware Level Programmers

Provides important notes and warnings for programmers working directly with Amiga hardware.

Chapter 2 Coprocessor Hardware

What is a Copper Instruction?

Explains the basic instructions (WAIT, MOVE, SKIP) of the Copper coprocessor.

The WAIT Instruction

Describes how the WAIT instruction pauses the Copper until a specific video beam position is met.

Using the Copper Registers

Explains the machine registers and strobe addresses dedicated to the Copper.

Putting Together a Copper Instruction List

Guides on organizing and merging Copper instructions for display modifications.

Starting and Stopping the Copper

Explains the procedures for initializing and stopping the Copper coprocessor.

Chapter 3 Playfield Hardware

Forming a Basic Playfield

Details how to access hardware registers to form a playfield the same size as the display screen.

The Color Table

Explains the 32 registers that define colors and how they are used for display.

Selecting Horizontal and Vertical Resolution

Explains how to adjust horizontal and vertical resolutions for Amiga displays.

Defining the Size of the Display Window

Explains how to define the on-screen display area by setting window start and stop positions.

Forming a Dual-Playfield Display

Describes how to specify two playfields for a more flexible background display.

Chapter 4 Sprite Hardware

Forming a Sprite

Outlines the process of defining a sprite and its characteristics.

Sprite Color

Explains how sprite pixel colors are determined and selected.

Building the Data Structure

Guides on constructing the sprite data structure in memory, including control and color information.

Displaying a Sprite

Explains how to display a sprite in automatic mode using sprite DMA.

Moving a Sprite

Details how to move a sprite by specifying different positions in its data structure.

Chapter 5 Audio Hardware

Forming and Playing a Sound

Guides on creating simple, steady sounds and playing them through audio hardware.

Creating the Waveform Data

Details how to define waveform data, using a sine wave as an example.

Selecting the Data Output Rate

Explains how to specify the sampling period to control sound frequency and pitch.

Producing High-Quality Sound

Covers factors to consider for achieving high-quality sound output.

Aliasing Distortion

Explains the phenomenon of aliasing distortion and how to avoid it.

Chapter 6 Blitter Hardware

DMA Channels

Explains the four DMA channels (A, B, C, D) used by the blitter, including their registers.

Designing the LF Control Byte with Minterms

Guides on using logic equations to design the LF control byte for blitter operations.

Copying Arbitrary Regions

Provides guidelines for moving arbitrary rectangles of data between bitplanes.

Blitter Speed

Explains how blitter speed depends on enabled DMA channels and provides calculation formulas.

Blitter Operations and System DMA

Discusses the blitter's effect on system performance, DMA priority, and time slot allocation.

Chapter 7 System Control Hardware

Setting the Priority Control Register

Details how to use BPLCON2 bits to define object priorities and display order.

Collision Detection

Explains how hardware detects collisions between sprites, playfields, and objects.

Interrupts

Covers the system's support for 68000 processor interrupts and their translation.

DMA Control

Describes the DMA functions and registers for enabling/disabling channels.

Chapter 8 Interface Hardware

Controller Port Interface

Details the nine-pin connectors for various controllers like mice, joysticks, and light pens.

Reading Proportional Controllers

Explains how to determine the positions of proportional input devices like paddles.

Floppy Disk Controller

Describes the built-in controller's capabilities for handling MFM and GCR encoded disks.

Serial Interface

Describes the 25-pin connector for serial peripherals like modems.

Setting the Baud Rate

Explains how the SERPER register controls the serial port's transmission rate.

Appendix A Register Summary - Alphabetical Order

ADKCON, ADKCONR

Control bits for audio, disk, and UART operations.

BLTCON0

Blitter control register 0 for basic mode, area, and line operations.

BPLCON0

Bit plane control register for misc. control bits.

SPR0PTH, SPR0PTL, etc.

Sprite pointer registers for DMA data addresses.

COLOR00, COLOR01, etc.

Color registers defining the Amiga's color palette.

Appendix C Custom Chip Pin Allocation List

Agnus Pin Assignment

Lists the pin designations, functions, and definitions for the Agnus chip.

Denise Pin Assignment

Lists the pin designations, functions, and definitions for the Denise chip.

Paula Pin Assignment

Lists the pin designations, functions, and definitions for the Paula chip.

Fat Agnus Pin Assignment

Details the pin assignments for the Fat Agnus chip, used in later Amiga models.

Appendix F Complex Interface Adapters

CIAA Address Map

Provides the address map for the CIAA chip's registers.

Chip Register Map

Lists the 16 readable/writable registers of each 8520 chip.

Register Functional Description

Explains the functional descriptions of I/O ports, handshaking, and interval timers.

Interrupt Control Register (ICR)

Details the single register for interrupt masking and information.

Appendix H Keyboard

Keyboard Communications

Explains how the keyboard transmits 8-bit data words serially to the Amiga.

Keycodes

Lists hexadecimal values assigned to keyboard keys for data transmission.

Reset Warning

Explains the feature available on some keyboards for initiating a computer reset.

Appendix I External Disk Connector Interface Specification

General

Describes the 23-pin connector used for MFM data devices and its interface methods.

Signals When Driving a Disk

Explains the signals used by the driver to control disk operations like head positioning and motor.

Device I.D.

Describes the method for establishing the type of disk attached via the interface.

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