26
CONE LARGE CONES
NUMBER 60 DEG. C. 106 DEG. F.
O22 576 C. 1069 F.
O21 602 1116
O20 625 1157
O19 668 1234
O18 696 1285
O17 727 1341
O16 764 1407
O15 790 1454
O14 834 1533
O13 869 1596
O12 866 1591
O11 886 1627
O10 897 1629
O9 915 1679
O8 945 1733
O7 973 1783
O6 991 1816
O5 1031 1888
O4 1050 1922
O3 1086 1987
O2 1101 2014
O1 1117 2043
1 1136 2077
2 1142 2088
3 1152 2106
4 1168 2134
5 1177 2151
6 1201 2194
7 1215 2219
8 1236 2257
10 2350
SOAKING - Heat treating objects in a kiln by keeping them at a particular temperature for a period of time.
STILTS - Small ceramic or high temperature metal prongs used to raise a piece off the kiln shelf. Used chiefly in glaze firings
to prevent sticking to the kiln or shelf. Many styles are available.
STONEWARE - A ceramic body which is vitreous but not translucent when high fired. It usually contains a high percentage
of grog (fired clay particles) and is usually made of native clays.
TERRA COTTA - A natural, low fire red clay.
THERMAL SHOCK - the result of putting ware through sudden changes in temperature.
THERMOCOUPLE - Two wires of different metals which are inserted into the kiln and comprise the temperature sensing
part of the pyrometer. It produces a very small voltage in proportion to the difference in temperature between the tip (hot
junction) of the thermocouple inside the hot kiln and the cold junction on the outside of the kiln.
UNDERGLAZE - Decorative material applied to greenware or bisque.
VENTING - Allowing air into the kiln and vapors to escape by propping the lid slightly open and sometimes opening the
peepholes. Usually done only in the early stages of firing.
VITRIFY - To fully fuse ceramic material to a glass-like state so that it is nonporous and watertight without glazing.
WARE - General term for any shaped ceramic object whether or not it is in a finished state.
WARPAGE - Deformation of ware during firing, usually due to overfiring or to improper placement in the kiln.
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