Heathkit IM-48 - Using the Intermodulation Analyzer

3>HCl l
#"98,2/l 8ICl -2"$l ^CPCA_X\l ^dJ_AIl ^IXaPBl
TCcC\l @Cl \X_>_CBl dICTl CTC\HflJ^l >YYPJCBl_Xl _ICl
>T>PfhC\l JTZa_l ,DlJ_l@CAXRC^lTCAC^^>\fl_XlAI>THCl
JRYCB>TACl ^C__JTH^l _ICl JTYa_l _Xl _ICl >RYPJDJC\l
bTBC\l_C^_l^IXbPBl@Cl_b\TCBlBXdTl X\l_ICl>RYPJj
DJC\l_a\TCBlXDDl %>R>HCl_Xl _ICl RC_C\l TCCBPCl BaCl
_Xl cJXPCT_l ^P>RRJTHl >H>JT^_l _ICl ^_XY^l dJPPl @Cl
>cXJBCBlLDl _IJ^l Y\CA>a_JXTl J^l X@^C\cCBl
+JHIPfl >AAa\>_Cl RXTJ_X\JTHl XDl Xa_Ya_l PCcCPl DX\l
\CAX\BJTHl X\l Y\XH\>Sl DCCBl Yb\YX^C^l A>Tl @Cl
>AAXRYPJ^ICBl@fl AXTTCA_JTHl_ICl>T>PfhC\l>A\X^^l
_ICl >RYPLFJC\l Xb_Ya_l PC>B^l >TBl ^C__JTHl _ICl-2"%l
^CPCA_X\l ^dJ_AIl _Xl _ICl Y\XYC\l JRYCB?VAClbTBC\l
&<8l PX>Bl #J\AbJ_l @>PPJ^_JA^l >\Cl ^aAIl_I>_l_ICl
JT^_\aRCT_l R>OC^l>TlCeACPPCT_l B@lRC_C\l
6C_laYl XDlA\X^^XcC\lTC_dX\O^lJTlRaP_JYPCl^YC>Ok
C\l ^f^_CR^lJ^lC>^fl a^JTHl _IClYXdC\l^A>PC^lXDl_ICl
"T>PgiC\l "lc>\J>@PClD\C[aCTAfl >bBJXlX^AJPP>_X\l
^IXaPBl @ClAXTTCA_CBl_Xl_ICl >aBJXl>RYPJDJC\lJTYa_l
?TBl_ICl>T>
P
fhC\l_Xl
_IClXa_Yb_lXDlXTClXDl_IClA\X^^j
XcC\l TC_dX\Ol ^CA_JXT^l  \CR>JTJTHl^CA_JXT^l
^IXbPBl@ClPX>BCBldJ_Il^ZC>OC\^lX\l\C^J^EX\^l6C_l
_ICl -2"%l ^dJ_AIl _Xl _ICl >YY\XY\J>_Cl TC_dX\Ol
JRYCB>TACl aTBC\l,/8l PX>Bl>TBl\aTl>l\C^ZXT^ClXTl
_ICl TC_dX\Ol TX_JTHl _ICl Xb_Yb_l PCcCPl /Ce_l _ICl
>T>PfhC\l J^l AXTTCA_CBl >A\X^^l >TX_IC\l ^CA_JXTl
\C_b\TJTHl _ICl X\JHJT>Pl PX>Bl _Xl _ICl^CA_JXTl Y\Ck
cJXa^Pfl_C^_CBl>TBl_IClY\XACBa\Cl\CYC>_CBl"lcC\fl
a^CDaPl ZJA_a\Cl XDl TC_dX\Ol YC\DX\R>TACl A>Tl @Cl
X@_>JTCBl JTl _IJ^l R>TTC\l
,Dl AXRYPCel d>cCDX\R^l >\Cl_Xl@Cl RC>^a\CBl _ICl
JWFX\R>_JXTl bTBC\l96,/*l 8+&l "#l ;8;.l^IXaPBl
@ClX@^C\cCBl
2AA>^JXT>PPfl J_l R>fl @Cl TCAC^^>\fl _Xl RC>^b\Cl
YXdC\l>_lPCcCP^l IJHIC\l _I>Tll d>__^l C^ZCAJ>PPfl
dICTl Ya@PJAl>BB\C^^l ^f^_CR^l >\Cl@CJTHl_C^_CBlX\l
^C\cJACBl 3XdC\lRC>^a\CRCT_^l aYl_Xlld>__^l
AXT_JTaXb^lX\l l d>__^lJT_C\RJ__CT_lA>Tl@ClR>BCl
@fl BJ^^JY>_JTHl >l R>MX\l YX\_JXTl XDl _ICl YXdC\l
Ce_C\T>PPfl )Xa\l \C^J^_X\^lXDl_ICl^>RClc>PaCl>^l
_ICl >RYPJDJC\l Xa_Ya_lJRYCB>TACl>\Cl\C[aJ\CBlXTCl
XDl dIJAIl J^l XTCl XDl _ICl JT_C\T>Pl \C^J^_X\^lJTl _ICl
"T>PfhC\l 8ICl YXdC\l\>_JTH^lXDl_IClX_IC\l_I\CCl
\C^J^_X\^l ^IXaPBl @Cl >_l PC>^_l ld>__^l >TBlTXTj
JTBaA_JcCl _fYC^l >\Cl\CAXRRCTBCBl8dXlXDl_ICl]Cj
^J^_X\^l ^IXbPBl @Cl AXTTCA_CBl JTl ^C\JC^l >TBl _ICl
X_IC\lCe`C\T>Pl \C^J^_X\l AXTTCA_CBl JTl ^C\JC^ldJ_Il
_ICl
JT_C\T>PlPX>Bl\C^J^_X\lJTl_ICl>T>PfhC\l8ICl_dXl
AXR@JT>_JXT^l^IXbPBl @Cl AXTTCA_CBlJTlY>\>PPCPl>^l
^IXdTlJTl )JHa\Cll6C_l_ICl-2"$l^CPCA_X\l^dJ_AIl
_Xl _ICl ^>RCl c>PbClXDl\C^J^_>TACl>^l_IClCe_C\T>Pl
\C^J^_X\^l bTBC\l,/8l-2"%l 5C>Bl_IClYXdC\l XTl






  


  

 



 
 
 

 
 





 







_ICl
>YY\XY\J>_Cl RC_C\l ^A>PCl >TBl RaP_JYPfl _ICl
\C>BJTHl @fl l `Xl X@_>JTl _ICl _\aCl YXdC\l Xa_Za_l
\C>BJTHl 2TCl [a>\_C\l XDl_ICl_X_>PlYXdC\l @Cl
BJ^^JY>_CBlJTl C>AIl \C^J^_X\l ^Xl_ICl \C>BJTH^l 
@Cl Mb^_l>^l >AAa\>_Cl>^l KFl_ICl>RYPJDJC\ldC\ClDCBl
BJ\CA_Pfl JT_Xl _ICl ?V>PfhC\l
&e>RYPCl 8ICl >RYPJDJC\lI>^l>ll7lXa_Yb_l8I\CCl
l  ll d>__l \C^J^_X\^l dJPPl @Cl AXTTCA_CBl >^l
^IXdTl >TBl _ICl -2"$l ^dJ_AIl ^C_l _Xll aTBC\l
,08l -2"%l 8b\TlXTl _ICl >RYQJGJC\l>TBlTX_Cl_ICl
RC_C\l \C>BJTHl "^^aRJTHl _I>_l_ICl RC_C\l\C>B^l
ld>__^l_ICl>RYPLDJC\lXa_Yb_ldJPPl@Cllel l d>__^l
X\l ld>__^l ,Dl_ICl >RYPJDJC\l I>^l >llX\l l Xa_j
Ya_l lX\llUl\C^J^_X\^ldJPPl@Cla^CBl>TBl_ICl-2"$l
^dJ_AIl^C_l _Xl_ICl^>RClc>PbCl>^l _IClCe_C\T>Pl\Cj
^J^_X\^l?VBl_ICl>RYPJDJC\lJRYCB>TACl
  
8ICl ,.l >T>PfhC\l ^CA_JXTlXDl_ICl "aBJXl"T>PfhC\l
J^l BC^JHTCBl _Xl DaTA_JXTl JTl >AAX\B>TACl dJ_Il_ICl
^_>TB>\Bl _C^_l AXTBJ_JXT^l >^l DX\RaP>_CBl @fl _ICl
6XAJC_fl XDl .X_JXTl 3JA_a\Cl &THJTCC\^l 6.3&l
)PCeJ@JPJ_fl XDl _ICl JT^_\aRCT_lYC\RJ_^l>lc>\JC_fl
XDlX_IC]l^C_^lXDlAXTBJ_JXT^l_Xl @Cl a^CBl
6_>TB>\Bl
AXTBJ_JXT^l\C[aJ\Cl>l^JHT>PlXa_Ya_lD\XRl
_ICl HCTC\>_X\l _Xl AXT^J^_l XDl >l PXdl D\C[aCTAfl
^JHT>Pl >TBl>l IJHIl D\C[aCTAfl ^JHT>Pl JTl>l\>_JXl XDl
 l >TBl_IJ^lJ^l X@_>JTCBl>^l DXPPXd^!l
3P>ACl_ICl):/#8,21l^dJ_AIlJTl_ICl-)l+)l8&68l
YX^J_JXTl _ICl 5"/*&l ^dK_AIl JTl>lYX^J_JXTlJTBJk
A>_JTHl >l cXP_>HCl >YY\XeJR>_JTHl _I>_l _Xl@Cl b^CBl
>TBl _ICl 8&68l ^dJ_AIl_Xl-)l8&68l "Bc>TACl_ICl
*&/(5"825l 298398l AXT_\XPl _Xl HJcCl _ICl BCj
^J\CBl >RXaT_l XDl cXP_>HCl 1Ce_l ^dJ_AIl8&68l_Xl
+)l 8&68l >TBl >Bc>TACl _ICl  )5'4:&0#=l
-&;&-lAXT_\XPl _Xl HJcCl>l\C>BJTHl Nb^_ll XDl_ICl
\C>BJTHlX@_>JTCBlXTl-)l 8&68l 5C_b\Tl _ICl 8&68l
^dJ_AIl _Xl 23&5"8&l >^l _ICl Z\XYC\l \>_JXl J^l
TXdl ^C_l