4 Pre-transfer—The pre-transfer roller applies bias to prevent toner on the photosensitive drum
from adhering to the pre-transfer upper guide.
5 Transfer—During the transfer process, the toner image on the drum surface is transferred to the
paper. The transfer charging roller applies a positive charge to the back of the paper and causes
the negatively charged toner on the drum surface to be attracted to the paper. After separation,
the drum is cleaned and conditioned for the next image.
6 Separation—During the separating process, the paper separates from the drum. To stabilize the
feed system and to prevent dropouts on the printed image at low temperature and humidity, the
static-charge eliminator reduces the charge on the back of the paper.
7 Fusing—During the fusing process, heat and pressure fuse the toner to the paper in order to
produce a permanent image. The paper passes between a heated fuser element and a soft
pressure roller. This melts the toner and presses it into the paper.
8 Drum cleaning—The cleaning blade is in contact with the surface of the drum at all times. As
the drum rotates during printing, excess toner is scraped off and stored in the waste-toner
receptacle.
Image-formation system 101
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