2. Terms Used in This Manual
Nominal value: Indicates the standard dimension of a part to be measured.
Standard: Indicates the dimension of a part, the clearance between parts, or the standard performance. Since the
value is indicated in a range needed for inspection, it is different from the design value.
Limit: A part must be repaired or replaced with a new part when it reaches the limit value.
3. Abbreviations, Standards, Etc.
• BTDC = Before Top Dead Center
•ATDC = After Top Dead Center
• BBDC = Before Bottom Dead Center
• ABDC = After Bottom Dead Center
• TIR = Total Indicated Reading
• API = American Petroleum Institute
• ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials
• JIS = Japanese Industrial Standards
• LLC = Long Life Coolant
•MIL = Military Specifications and Standards (U.S.)
• MSDS = Material Safety Data Sheet
• SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers (U.S.)
4. Units of Measurement
Measurements are based on the International System of Units (SI), and their converted metric values are indicated in
parentheses ( ). For metric conversion, the following rates are used.
• Pressure: 1 MPa = 10.197 kgf/cm
2
•Torque: 1 N·m = 0.10197 kgf·m
• Force: 1 N = 0.10197 kgf
• Horsepower: 1 kW = 1.341 HP = 1.3596 PS
• Meter of mercury: 1 kPa = 0.7 cmHg
• Meter of water: 1 kPa = 10.197 cmH
2
O (cmAq)
• Rotational speed: 1 min
−
1
= 1 rpm
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