Fuel
System
FUEL
RECOMMENDATIONS
Fill the fuel tank with a good quality fuel obtained
from a reputable supplier. The quality of fuel used is
important in obtaining dependable performance and
satisfactory engine life. Fuels must be clean, com-
pletely distilled, well refined, and non-corrosive to
fuel system parts.
wARNING
Fuel vapors create fire and explo-
i
sion hazards which might result in
severe personal injury
or
death.
Do
not add gasoline,
gasohol,
or
alcohol to diesel fuel.
Do
not permit any
flame, cigarette,
or
other igniter near the fuel system.
Due
fo
theprecise tolerances of die-
sel injection systems, it
is
extremely
important the fuel be kept clean and free of water. Dirt
or water in the system can cause severe damage to
both the injection pump and the injection nozzles.
Use ASTM2-D
(No.
2
Diesel)
or
ASTMl-D
(No.
1
Diesel) fuel with a minimum Cetane number
of
45*.
Number 2 diesel fuel gives the best economy and
performance under most operating conditions. At
temperatures below 32°F
(OOC),
Number
2-D
fuel
may pose operating problems. At colder tempera-
tures, use Number l-D fuel (if available)
or
use a
“winterized”Number2-D (a blend of Numberl-D and
Number 2-D). The blended fuel is normally called
Number 2-D also, but can be used
in
colder tempera-
tures than non “winterized” Number 2-D fuel.
Do
not add gasoline, gasohol,
or
alcohol
to
diesel fuel. Damage to
fuel injection sysfem
or
engine may result.
‘NOTE
Fuels with Cetane numbers higherthane, may beneeded
in higher altitudes or when extremely
low
ambient temperatures
are encountered
to
prevent
misfires
and resultant excessive
smoke.
-
Use
low
sulfur content fuel having a cloud point of at
least 10 degrees below the lowest expected fuel
temperature. Cloud point
is
the temperature at which
wax crystals begin to form in diesel fuel.
WARNING
Spilled fuel might ignite .and cause
I
serious personal injury
or
death.
Never fill fhe fuel tank when the engine
is
running.
Fuel leaks create fire and explosion
hazards which might result in severe
personal injury
or
death. Always use a length of flexi-
ble tubing between engine and the fuelsupply line
io
avoid line failure and leaks due to vibration. The fuel
system must meet applicable codes.
FUEL
SYSTEM
The fuel system consists of a sediment bowl, fuel
transfer pump, primary filter, secondary filter, injec-
tion pump, injectors, and the connecting fuel lines.
The fuel system, located on the service side
of
the
engine, uses a transfer pump to deliver fuel from the
tank to a high pressure injection pump at about 12 to
14
psi (83-97 kPa);
5-6
psi on MDJA (35-41 kPa). The
injection lines deliver fuel to the injectors at high
pressure and act as fuel distributors to the injectors.
The time interval between injection of individual
injectors is varied in the pump by enginespeed. From
the injection pump, metered fuel is forced through a
delivery valve to the injector lines at about 1900 psi
(13,110 kPa).
As
the cylinder air reaches about
1000°F
(538OC)
on the compression stroke, the injec-
tor sprays fuel into the hot compressed air where it
ignites. The delivery valve
in
the injection pump and a
pintle valve in the injector assist the precision timed
injection
of
fuel into the cylinder.
FILTER SYSTEM
The sediment bowl has a fine mesh screen which
blocks dirt and water entry into the transfer pump,
Figure
28,29.
The dirt and water remain in the sedi-
ment bowl which should be removed for cleaning as
required. The spin-on primary and secondary fuel
filters are replaceable units, that clean the fuel of
extrerney fine
particles
before
it
goes
to
the injection
Pump.
These filters are mounted on a common casting
which bolts to the
oil
fill tube. Positive filtration is
assured because theengine
will
not run if either filter
is loose or missing.
Average pore size
of
the second filter
is
0.0005
inch
(0.0127 mm) smaller than
the
first filter. This means
most particles escaping the first filter are trapped
in
the second filter.
36
Redistribution or publication of this document,
by any means, is strictly prohibited.
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