Sharp EL-W516T - Scientific Calculations; Arithmetic Operations; Constant Calculations

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INTRODUCTION

About the calculation examples (including some formulas and

tables), refer to the second half of this manual.

After reading this manual, store it in a convenient location for future

reference.

Note: Some of the models described in this manual may not be

available in some countries.

Operational Notes

• Donotcarrythecalculatoraroundinyourbackpocket,asitmay

breakwhenyousitdown.Thedisplayismadeofglassandis

particularlyfragile.

• Keepthecalculatorawayfromextremeheatsuchasonacar

dashboardornearaheater,andavoidexposingittoexcessively

humid or dusty environments.

• Sincethisproductisnotwaterproof,donotuseitorstoreitwhere

uids,forexamplewater,cansplashontoit.Raindrops,waterspray,

juice,coffee,steam,perspiration,etc.willalsocausemalfunction.

• Cleanwithasoft,drycloth.Donotusesolventsorawetcloth.Avoid

using a rough cloth or anything else that may cause scratches.

• Donotdropitorapplyexcessiveforce.

• Neverdisposeofbatteriesinare.

• Keepbatteriesoutofthereachofchildren.

• Forthesakeofyourhealth,trynottousethisproductforlong

periodsoftime.Ifyouneedtousetheproductforanextended

period,besuretoallowyoureyes,hands,arms,andbodyadequate

restperiods(about10–15minuteseveryhour).

Ifyouexperienceanypainorfatiguewhileusingthisproduct,

discontinueuseimmediately.Ifthediscomfortcontinues,please

consult a doctor.

• Thisproduct,includingaccessories,may

changeduetoupgrading

withoutpriornotice.

NOTICE

• SHARPstronglyrecommendsthatseparatepermanentwritten

recordsbekeptofallimportantdata.Datamaybelostor

alteredinvirtuallyanyelectronicmemoryproductundercertain

circumstances.Therefore,SHARPassumesnoresponsibilityfor

datalostorotherwiserenderedunusablewhetherasaresultof

improperuse,repairs,defects,batteryreplacement,useafterthe

speciedbatterylifehasexpired,oranyothercause.

• SHARPwillnotbeliablenorresponsibleforanyincidentalor

consequentialeconomicorpropertydamagecausedbymisuse

and/ormalfunctionsofthisproductanditsperipherals,unless

suchliabilityisacknowledgedbylaw.

♦PresstheRESETswitch(ontheback),withthetipofaball-point

penorsimilarobject,onlyinthefollowingcases.Donotusean

objectwithabreakableorsharptip.NotethatpressingtheRESET

switcherasesalldatastoredinmemory.

• Whenusingforthersttime

• Afterreplacingthebattery

• Toclearallmemorycontents

• Whenanabnormalconditionoccursandallkeysareinoperative

♦

Ifserviceshouldberequiredonthiscalculator,havethecalculator

servicedintheregion(country)whereyoupurchasedit.

Hard Case

DISPLAY

Dot

matrix

display

Mantissa

Exponent

• Duringactualuse,notallsymbolsaredisplayedatthesametime.

• Onlythesymbolsrequiredfortheusagecurrentlybeingexplained

areshowninthedisplayandcalculationexamples.

: Indicatesthatsomecontentsarehiddeninthedirections

shown.

2ndF: Appearswhen@ispressed,indicatingthatthefunctions

showninthesamecoloras@ are enabled.

HYP: IndicatesthatHhasbeenpressedandthehyperbolic

functionsareenabled.If@ >ispressed,thesymbols

2ndF HYPappear,indicatingthatinversehyperbolic

functions are enabled.

ALPHA: Appearswhen;ispressed,indicatingthatthefunctions

showninthesamecoloras; are enabled.

Appearswhenx or tispressed,andentry(recall)

ofmemorycontentscanbeperformed.

FIX/SCI/ENG/N1/N2:Indicatesthenotationusedtodisplayavalue

andchangesbySETUPmenu.N1isdisplayedon-screen

as“NORM1”,andN2as“NORM2”.

DEG/RAD/GRAD:Indicatesangularunits.

BUSY: Appearsduringtheexecutionofacalculation.

W-VIEW:IndicatesthattheWriteVieweditorisselected.

M: Indicatesthatanumericalvalueisstoredintheindependent

memory(M).

/ : IndicatesthemodeofexpressionforresultsinCOMPLEX

mode.

BEFORE USING THE CALCULATOR

Pressjtoturnthecalculatoron.Thedatathatwason-screenwhen

thepowerwasturnedoffwillappearonthedisplay.

Press@ o to turn the calculator off.

Key Notations Used in this Manual

Tospecifye

@ "

Tospecifyln:

TospecifyE:

; E

• Functionsthatareprintedingrayadjacenttothekeysareeffectivein

specicmodes.

• Themultiplicationoperator“

”isdifferentiatedfromtheletter“X”inthis

manualasfollows:

Tospecifythemultiplicationoperator:k

Tospecifytheletter“X”:; X

• Incertaincalculationexamples,whereyouseetheo symbol, the

keyoperationsandcalculationresultsareshownastheywouldappear

intheLineeditor.

• Ineachexample,pressjtoclearthedisplayrst.Unlessotherwise

specied,calculationexamplesareperformedintheWriteVieweditor

(@ J 2 0 0)withthedefaultdisplaysettings(@

P 0).

Clearing the Entry and Memories

Operation Entry

(Display)

A–F,

M,X,Y

D1–D3 ANS

STAT*

matA–D

vectA–D

Х Х Х Х Х

@ Z

Х Х

О О О

Modeselection(b)

Х Х Х

@ P 0

Х Х Х Х Х

@ P 1 0

О О О О О О

@ P 2 0

О О О О О О

RESETswitch

О О О О О О

:Clear

:Retain

*1 Statisticaldata(entereddata)

*2 Clearedwhenchangingbetweensub-modesinSTATmode.

*3 TheRESEToperationwillerasealldatastoredinmemoryandrestore

thecalculator’sdefaultsettings.Theusernameyoustoredusingthe

name

displayfunctionwillbeclearedaswell.

Memory clear key

Press@ Ptodisplaythemenu.

• Toinitializethedisplaysettings,press0.Theparametersaresetas

follows:

• Angularunit:DEG

• Displaynotation:NORM1

• N-base:DEC

• Recurringdecimal:OFF

Mode Selection

NORMALmode:b 0

Usedtoperformarithmeticoperationsandfunctioncalculations.

STATmode:b 1

Usedtoperformstatisticaloperations.

TABLEmode:b 2

Usedtoillustratethechangesinvaluesofoneortwofunctionsintableformat.

COMPLEXmode:b 3

Usedtoperformcomplexnumbercalculations.

EQUATIONmode:b 4

Usedtosolveequations.

MATRIXmode:b 5

Usedtoperformmatrixcalculations.

VECTORmode:b 6

Usedtoperformvectorcalculations.

DISTRIBUTIONmode:b 7

Usedtoperformdistributioncalculations.

DRILLmode:b 8

Usedtopracticemathandmultiplicationtabledrills.

HOME Key

Press7toreturntoNORMALmodefromothermodes.

Note: Equationsandvaluescurrentlybeingenteredwilldisappear,inthe

samewayaswhenthemodeischanged.

SET UP Menu

Press@ JtodisplaytheSETUPmenu.

PressjtoexittheSETUPmenu.

Note: YoucanpressNtoreturntothepreviouslydisplayedparent

menu.

Determination of the angular unit (degrees, radians, and grades)

DEG(°): @ J 0 0(default)

RAD(rad):@ J 0 1

GRAD(g): @ J 0 2

Selecting the display notation and decimal places

TwosettingsofFloatingpoint(NORM1andNORM2),Fixeddecimalpoint

(FIX),Scienticnotation(SCI),andEngineeringnotation(ENG).

• When@ J 1 0(FIX)or@ J 1 2(ENG)is

pressed,thenumberofdecimalplaces(TAB)canbesettoanyvalue

between0and9.

• When@ J 1 1(SCI)ispressed,thenumberof

signicantdigitscanbesettoanyvaluebetween0and9.Entering0

willseta10-digitdisplay.

Setting the ﬂoating point number system in scientiﬁc notation

NORM1(thedefault)andNORM2.Anumberisautomaticallydisplayedin

scienticnotationoutsideapresetrange:

 NORM1(@ J 1 3):0.000000001

≤|x|≤9,999,999,999

 NORM2(@ J 1 4):0.01

≤|x|≤9,999,999,999

Selecting the editor and setting the answer display

ThiscalculatorhasthefollowingtwoeditorsinNORMALmode:

WriteViewandLine.

SetthedisplayformatfornumericalcalculationresultsinWriteVieweditor.

The WriteView editor

 EXACT(a/b,r,

)@

J 2 0 0(default)

 APPROX. @

J 2 0 1

The Line editor @

J 2 1

Notes:

• When“EXACT(a/b,r,

)”isset,resultswillappearinfractionformator

irrationalnumberformat(including

and r)whendisplayispossible.

• When“APPROX.”isset,resultswillbedecimaldisplayorfraction

display,andwillbenotshowninirrationalnumberformat(including

and r).

• PressU to change the calculation results to another format that can

bedisplayed.

Adjusting the display contrast

Press@ J 3, then + or &toadjustthecontrast.Press

jtoexit.

Insert and overwrite entry methods

WhenusingtheLineeditor,youcanchangetheentrymethodfrom

“INSERT”(thedefault)to“OVERWRITE”.

Afteryouswitchtotheoverwritemethod(bypressing@

4 1),

thetriangularcursorwillchangetoarectangularone,andthenumberor

functionunderneathitwillbeoverwrittenasyoumakeentries.

Setting the recurring decimal

InNORMALmode,calculationresultscanbeshowninarecurring

decimal format.

RecurringdecimalisOFF:@ J 5 0(default)

RecurringdecimalisON: @ J 5 1

• IntheWriteVieweditor,therecurringpartisindicatedby“

−

”.Inthe

Lineeditor,therecurringpartisindicatedinparentheses.

• Ifover10digits,includingtherecurringpart,theresultcannotbe

displayedinrecurringdecimalformat.

Setting of the decimal point

Yo u canshowthedecimalpointinthecalculationresultaseitheradot

or a comma.

DOT: J 6 0(default)

COMMA:J 6 1

• Duringentry,thedecimalpointisonlyshownasadot.

Name display function

Yo u cansaveausernameinthiscalculator.Whenyouturnthepoweroff,

thesavedusernameisdisplayedmomentarily.

Upto32charactersmaybesaved,splitovertwolines.

Enteringandeditingtheusername:

1. Press@ J 7.Theeditingscreenappearswithaashing

cursor.

2. Useu and d to scroll through the available characters.

3. Pressingl or r moves the cursor to the left or right.

Tomodifyacharacter,usel or r to move the cursor to the

character, then select another character using u or d.

4. Repeatsteps2and3abovetocontinueenteringcharacters.

5. Press=tosaveandquit.

Note: Press@ Z in the editing screen to clear all the

characters.

ENTERING, DISPLAYING, AND EDITING THE EQUATION

The WriteView Editor

Entry and display

IntheWriteVieweditor,youcanenteranddisplayfractionsorcertain

functionsasyouwouldwritethem.

• TheWriteVieweditorcanbeusedinNORMALmode.

Displaying calculation results (when EXACT is selected)

Whenpossible,calculationresultswillbedisplayedusingfractions,r,

and

p.WhenyoupressU,thedisplaywillcyclethroughthefollowing

displaystyles:

• Mixedfractions(withorwithout

p) improperfractions(withor

without

p) decimal numbers

• Properfractions(withorwithout

p) decimal numbers

• Irrationalnumbers(squareroots,fractionsmadeusingsquareroots)

decimal numbers

Notes:

•

Inthefollowingcases,calculationresultsmaybedisplayedusingr:

• Arithmeticoperationsandmemorycalculations

• Trigonometriccalculations

• Intrigonometriccalculations,when

entering values such as those in the

tabletotheright,resultsmaybeshown

using

• Improper/properfractionswillbe

convertedtoanddisplayedasdecimal

numbers if the number of digits used in

theirexpressionisgreaterthannine.Inthecaseofmixedfractions,the

maximumnumberofdisplayabledigits(includingintegers)iseight.

• Ifthenumberofdigitsinthedenominatorofafractionalresultthatuses

pisgreaterthanthree,theresultisconvertedtoanddisplayedasa

decimal number.

Performing integral calculations

1. Press; F.

2.

Specifythefollowingparameters:rangeofintegral(initialvalue(a), end

value(

b)),functionwithvariablex,andnumberofsubintervals(n).

Yo u donotneedtospecifythenumberofsubintervals.Ifthe

numberofsubintervalsisnotspecied,thedefaultvalueof

n=100willbeused.

3. Press=.

Notes:

• Parametersareenteredinthefollowingway:

WriteVieweditor: Lineeditor:

function[, subintervals]dx (function, a, b[, subintervals])

• Integralcalculations,

dependingonthe

integrands and

subintervals included,

requirelonger

calculation time.

Duringcalculation,

the BUSY symbol

willbedisplayed.To 

cancel calculation,

pressj.

Notethattherewill

begreaterintegralerrorswhentherearelargeuctuationsinthe

integral values during minute shifting of the integral range and for

periodicfunctions,etc.,wherepositiveandnegativeintegralvalues

existdependingontheinterval.

Fortheformercase,divideintegralintervalsassmallaspossible.

Forthelattercase,separatethepositiveandnegativevalues.

Followingthesetipswillallowyoutoobtainresultsfromcalculations

withgreateraccuracyandwillalsoshortenthecalculationtime.

Performing differential calculations

1. Press; G.

2. Specifythefollowingparameters:functionwithvariablex, value of

x,andminuteinterval(

dx).

Yo u donotneedtospecifytheminuteinterval.Iftheminuteinterval

isnotspecied,itwillautomaticallybesetto10

−

(whilex =0),or

x | × 10

−

(whilex ≠0).

3. Press=.

Note: Parametersareenteredinthefollowingway:

WriteVieweditor:

d(function)

–

x = value of x[, minute interval]

Lineeditor:

d/dx(function, value of x[, minute interval])

∑ Function

The∑functionreturnsthecumulativesumofagivenexpressionfrom

aninitialvaluetoanendvalueinNORMALmode.

Performing ∑ calculations

1. Press; I.

2. Specifythefollowingparameters:initialvalue,endvalue,function

withvariable

x,andincrement(n).

Yo u donotneedtospecifytheincrement.Iftheincrementisnot

specied,thedefaultvalueof

n=1willbeused.

3. Press=.

Note: Parametersareenteredinthefollowingway:

WriteVieweditor:

end value

(

function[, increment])

initial value

Lineeditor:

(function, initial value, end value[, increment])

Π Function

TheΠfunctionreturnstheproductofagivenexpressionfroman

initialvaluetoanendvalueinNORMALmode.

Performing Π calculations

1. Press; ;.

2. Specifythefollowingparameters:initialvalue,endvalue,function

withvariable

x,andincrement(n).

 Youdonotneedtospecifytheincrement.Iftheincrementisnot

specied,thedefaultvalueof

n=1willbeused.

3. Press=.

Note: Parametersareenteredinthefollowingway:

WriteVieweditor:

end value

(

function[, increment])

initial value

Lineeditor:

(function, initial value, end value[, increment])

Random Function

Therandomfunctionhasfoursettings.(Thisfunctioncannotbe

selectedwhileusingtheN-basefunction.)To generatefurtherrandom

numbersinsuccession,presse.Pressjtoexit.

Random numbers

Apseudo-randomnumber,withthreesignicantdigitsfrom0upto

0.999,canbegeneratedbypressing@ w 0 e.

Note: IntheWriteVieweditor,iftheresultisnot0itcanbeshownas

a fraction or decimal using U.

Random dice

Tosimulateadie-rolling,arandomintegerbetween1and6canbe

generatedbypressing@ w 1 e.

Random coin

Tosimulateacoinip,0(heads)or1(tails)canberandomly

generatedbypressing@ w 2 e.

Random integer

Yo u canspecifyarangefortherandomintegerwith“R.Int(”only.

R.Int(minimum value, maximum value)

Forexample,ifyouenter@ w 31

99) e, a

randomintegerfrom1to99willbegenerated.

Angular Unit Conversions

Eachtime@ ]ispressed,theangularunitchangesinsequence.

Memory Calculations

Temporary memories (A–F, X and Y)

Pressxandavariablekeytostoreavalueinmemory.

Presstandavariablekeytorecallthevaluefromthatmemory.To 

placeavariableinanequation,press;andavariablekey.

Independent memory (M)

Inadditiontoallthefeaturesoftemporarymemories,avaluecanbe

addedtoorsubtractedfromanexistingmemoryvalue.

Pressj x Mtocleartheindependentmemory(M).

Last answer memory (ANS)

Thecalculationresultobtainedbypressing= or any other calculation

endinginstructionisautomaticallystoredinthelastanswermemory.

Whenthecalculationresultisinmatrixorvectorform,thefullmatrix

orvectorisnotstoredintoANSmemory.Onlythevalueoftheelement

covered by the cursor is stored.

Notes:

• Calculationresultsfromthefunctionsindicatedbelowareautomatically

storedintheXorYmemoriesreplacinganyexistingvalues.

• 

rq,

:Xmemory(r or x),Ymemory(q or y)

• Two

x´valuesfromaquadraticregressioncalculationinSTAT mode:

Xmemory(1:),Ymemory(2:)

• Useoft or ;willrecallthevaluestoredinmemoryusingupto

14digits.

• A-F, X,YmemorycannotbeusedinCOMPLEXmode.

Deﬁnable memories (D1–D3)

Yo u canstorefunctionsoroperationsindenablememories(D1–D3).

• Tostoreafunctionoroperation,pressx,followedbyadenable

memorykey(I, J, or K),followedbytheoperationyou

wanttostore.Menu-relatedoperations,suchas@ J, cannot be

stored.Pressjtoreturntothepreviousdisplay.

• Tocallastoredfunctionoroperation,pressthecorrespondingmemory

key.Callingastoredfunctionwillnotworkifthefunctionthatiscalled

wouldbeunusableinthecurrentcontext.

• Anyfunctionsoroperationsthatarestoredinadenablememorywill

bereplacedwhenyousaveanewoneintothatmemory.

• Functionscannotbesavedinadenablememoryfromthesimulation

calculationsandsolverfunctionsofNORMALmode,orfromtheitem

andvalueinputscreensofothermodes.

Memory List

Press

;

todisplayalistofthevaluessavedinmemory.

Thevaluesareshownina9-characterrange.

Applicablememories:A,B,C,D,E,F, X,Y, M

• InCOMPLEXmode,onlyMmemoryisdisplayed.

Chain Calculations

Thepreviouscalculationresultcanbeusedinthesubsequent

calculation.However,itcannotberecalledafterenteringmultiple

instructionsorwhenthecalculationresultisinmatrix/vectorformat.

Fraction Calculations

Arithmeticoperationsandmemorycalculationscanbeperformedusing

fractions.InNORMALmode,conversionbetweenadecimalnumberand

afractioncanbeperformedbypressingU.

Notes:

• Improper/properfractionswillbeconvertedtoanddisplayedasdecimal

numbersifthenumberofdigitsusedintheirexpressionisgreater

thannine.Inthecaseofmixedfractions,themaximumnumberof

displayabledigits(includingintegers)iseight.

• Toconvertasexagesimalvaluetoafraction,rstconvertitbypressing

@ :.

Binary, Pental, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal

Operations (N-base)

ConversionscanbeperformedbetweenN-basenumbersinNORMAL

mode.Thefourbasicarithmeticoperations,calculationswith

parentheses,andmemorycalculationscanalsobeperformed,alongwith

thelogicaloperationsAND,OR,N OT,NEG,XOR,andXNORonbinary,

pental,octal,andhexadecimalnumbers.

Note: ThehexadecimalnumbersA–Fareenteredbypressingm

, A

, l

, i

, and H

Inthebinary,pental,octal,andhexadecimalsystems,fractionalparts

cannotbeentered.Whenadecimalnumberhavingafractionalpart

isconvertedintoabinary,pental,octal,orhexadecimalnumber,the

fractionalpartwillbetruncated.Likewise,whentheresultofabinary,

pental,octal,orhexadecimalcalculationincludesafractionalpart,

thefractionalpartwillbetruncated.Inthebinary,pental,octal,and

hexadecimalsystems,negativenumbersaredisplayedasacomplement.

Time, Decimal, and Sexagesimal Calculations

Yo u canconvertbetweendecimalandsexagesimalnumbers,andfrom

sexagesimalnumberstosecondsorminutes.Inaddition,thefourbasic

arithmeticoperationsandmemorycalculationscanbeperformedusing

thesexagesimalsystem.Notationforsexagesimalisasfollows:

Degree

Minute

Second

Coordinate Conversions

• Beforeperformingacalculation,selecttheangularunit.

• Theresultsofcoordinateconversionswillbedisplayedasdecimal

numbersevenintheWriteVieweditor.

Rectangularcoord. Polarcoord.

Physical Constants and Metric Conversions

Calculations using physical constants

Torecallaconstant,press; :,thenselectaphysicalconstant

fromthelist.(Eachitemislabeledwitha2-digitnumber.)

• Toscrollupordownthelistofconstants,pressu(l)ord(r).

Use@ u(l)or@ d(r)tojumptotherstor

lastpage.

• Entertherstdigitofthe2-digititemnumbertojumptothepage

containingthenumberthatbeginswiththatdigit.

• Whenyouentertheseconddigit,theconstantisdisplayed

automaticallyaccordingtothedisplayanddecimalplacementsettings.

• PhysicalconstantscanberecalledinNORMAL(excludingN-base),

STAT,COMPLEX,MATRIX,VECTORandEQUATIONmodes.

Note: Physicalconstantsandmetricconversionsarebasedonthe

2014CODATArecommendedvalues,oronthe2008Edition

ofthe“GuidefortheUseoftheInternationalSystemofUnits

(SI)”releasedbyNIST(NationalInstituteofStandardsand

Technology).

No. Constant No. Constant

Speedoflightinvacuum

Newtonianconstantofgravitation

Standard acceleration of gravity

Electronmass

Protonmass

Neutron mass

Muon mass

Atomicmassunit-kilogram

relationship

Elementarycharge

Planckconstant

Boltzmannconstant

Magnetic constant

Electricconstant

Classicalelectronradius

Fine-structureconstant

Bohrradius

Rydbergconstant

Magneticux

quantum

Bohrmagneton

Electronmagneticmoment

Nuclear magneton

Protonmagneticmoment

Neutron magnetic moment

Muon magnetic moment

Comptonwavelength

ProtonComptonwavelength

Stefan-Boltzmannconstant

Avogadro constant

Molar volume of ideal gas

(273.15K,101.325kPa)

Molar gas constant

Faradayconstant

VonKlitzingconstant

Electronchargetomassquotient

Quantumofcirculation

Protongyromagneticratio

Josephsonconstant

Electronvolt

CelsiusTemperature

Astronomical unit

Parsec

Molarmassofcarbon-12

Planckconstantover2pi

Hartreeenergy

Conductancequantum

Inversene-structureconstant

Proton-electronmassratio

Molar mass constant

NeutronComptonwavelength

Firstradiationconstant

Second radiation constant

Characteristicimpedanceofvacuum

Standardatmosphere

Metric conversions

Enteravaluetobeconverted,thenpress; L, and select a metric

conversionbyenteringits2-digitnumber.

• Themetricconversionlistisusedinthesamemannerasthelistof

physicalconstants.

• UnitconversionscanbeperformedinNORMAL(excludingN-base),

STAT,MATRIX,VECTOR,andEQUATIONmodes.

No. Remarks No. Remarks

01 in : inch 23

oz(US) :uidounce

(US)

02 cm : centimeter 24 mL :milliliter

03 ft : foot 25 oz(UK) :uidounce(UK)

04 m : meter 26 mL :milliliter

05 yd : yard 27 cal

: calorie

06 m : meter 28 J : joule

07 mi : mile 29 cal

:calorie(15°C)

08 km :kilometer 30 J : joule

09 n mi : nautical mile 31 cal

: calorie

10 m : meter 32 J : joule

11 acre:acre*

33 hp

:horsepower(UK)

12 m

:squaremeter 34 W :watt

13 oz

ounce(avoirdupois)

35 ps

:horsepower(metric)

g : gram

36 W :watt

15 lb

:pound(avoirdupois)

37 (kgf/cm

)

kg :kilogram

38 Pa :pascal

17 °F

:degreeFahrenheit

39 atm :atmosphere

18 °C :degreeCelsius 40 Pa :pascal

19 gal(US) :gallon(US) 41 (1mmHg=1Torr)

20 L :liter 42 Pa :pascal

21 gal(UK) :gallon(UK) 43 (kgf·m)

22 L :liter 44 N·m :newtonmeter

*1 basedonUSsurveyfoot

Calculations Using Engineering Preﬁxes

CalculationcanbeexecutedinNORMALmode(excludingN-base)using

thefollowing9typesofprexes.

Prex Unit Prex Unit

(kilo)

(Mega)

(Giga)

(Tera)

(milli)

(micro)

(nano)

(pico)

(femto)

–3

–6

–9

–12

–15

Modify Function

Decimalcalculationresultsareinternallyobtainedinscienticnotation,

withupto14digitsinthemantissa.However,sincecalculationresultsare

displayedintheformdesignatedbythedisplaynotationandthenumber

ofdecimalplacesindicated,theinternalcalculationresultmaydifferfrom

thatshowninthedisplay.Byusingthemodifyfunction(@ n),

theinternalvalueisconvertedtomatchthatofthedisplay,sothatthe

displayedvaluecanbeusedwithoutchangeinsubsequentoperations.

• WhenusingtheWriteVieweditor,ifthecalculationresultisdisplayed

usingfractionsorirrationalnumbers,pressU to convert it to

decimalformrst.

• ThemodifyfunctioncanbeusedinNORMAL,STAT,MATRIX,or

VECTORmodes.

The Line Editor

Entry and display

IntheLineeditor,youcanenteranddisplayequationslinebyline.

Notes:

• Uptothreelinesoftextmaybeviewedonthescreenatonetime.

• IntheLineeditor,calculationresultsaredisplayedindecimalform

orlinefractionnotationifpossible.

• UseUtoswitchthedisplayformattofractionalformordecimal

form(ifpossible).

Editing the Equation

Justafterobtainingananswer,pressingl brings you to the end

oftheequationandpressingrbringsyoutothebeginning.Press

l, r, u, or dtomovethecursor.Press@ l

or @ rtojumpthecursortothebeginningortheendofthe

equation.

Back space and delete key

Todeleteanumberorfunction,movethecursortotherightofit,then

pressN.Yo u canalsodeleteanumberorfunctionthatthecursoris

directlyoverbypressing@ y.

Note: Inamulti-levelmenu,youcanpressNtobacktothe

previousmenulevel.

MATH Menu

Otherfunctionsmaybeavailableonthiscalculatorbesidesthose

printedonthekeypad.ThesefunctionsareaccessedusingtheMATH

menu.TheMATHmenuhasdifferentcontentsforeachmode.

PressNtodisplaytheMATHmenu.

Note:TheNkeycannotbe

usedinthesimulationcalculationsand

solverfunctionsofNORMALmode,orintheitemandvalue

inputscreensofothermodes.

Multi-line Playback Function

Thiscalculatorisequippedwithafunctiontorecallpreviousequations

andanswersinNORMALorCOMPLEXmodes.Pressinguwill

displaythepreviousequation.Thenumberofcharactersthatcanbe

savedislimited.Whenthememoryisfull,storedequationswillbe

deletedtomakeroom,startingwiththeoldest.

• Toeditanequationafterrecallingit,pressl or r.

• Themulti-linememorywillbeclearedbythefollowingoperations:

@ Z,modechange,RESET,N-baseconversion,angularunit

conversion,editorchange(@ J 2 0 0, @ J

2 0 1 or @ J 2 1),andmemoryclear

(@ P 1 0).

Priority Levels in Calculation

Thiscalculatorperformsoperationsaccordingtothefollowingpriority:

Fractions(1m4,etc.)

∠,Engineeringprexes

Functions

precededbytheirargument(

−

, x

,n!,(%),etc.)

Implied

multiplicationofamemoryvalue(2Y,etc.)

Functionsfollowedbytheirargument(sin,cos,(−),etc.)

Implied

multiplicationofafunction(2sin30,A



,etc.)

nCr,nPr,GCD,LCM,

×, ÷, int÷

+, −

AND

OR,XOR,XNOR

=, M+, M−,

M, ►DEG,►RAD,►GRAD, rq,

, and other calculation

ending instructions

• Ifparenthesesareused,parenthesizedcalculationshave

precedenceoveranyothercalculations.

SCIENTIFIC CALCULATIONS

Arithmetic Operations

• Theclosingparenthesis) just before = or m may be

omitted.

Constant Calculations

• Inconstantcalculations,theaddendbecomesaconstant.

Subtractionanddivisionareperformedinthesamemanner.For

multiplication,themultiplicandbecomesaconstant.

• Inconstantcalculations,constantswillbedisplayedasK.

•

ConstantcalculationscanbeperformedinNORMALorSTATmodes.

Conversion to Engineering notation

Yo u canuse; < or ; > to convert the calculation result

to engineering notation.

• Press; <todecreasetheexponent.Press; > to

increasetheexponent.

• Thesettings(FSE)intheSETUPmenudonotchange.

Functions

• Refertothecalculationexamplesforeachfunction.

• IntheLineeditor,thefollowingsymbolsareused:

•

:toindicateanexpression’spower.(m, @ ", @

•

:toseparateintegers,numerators,anddenominators.(W,

@ k)

• Whenusing@ O or @ WintheLineeditor,valuesare

enteredinthefollowingway:

• logn(base, value)

• absvalue

Integral/Differential Functions

IntegralanddifferentialcalculationscanbeperformedinNORMAL

mode.

Note: Sinceintegralanddifferentialcalculationsareperformed

basedonthefollowingequations,correctresultsmaynot

beobtained,incertainrarecases,whenperformingspecial

calculationsthatcontaindiscontinuouspoints.

Integralcalculation(Simpson’srule):

( )

−



≤



{

(

)

(

)

(

)

...

(

−

)}

(

)

(

)

...

(

−

)}

(

)}

Differentialcalculation:

f´(x)

(



)

−

(

−



)

—

Various functions

• Refertothecalculationexamplesforeachfunction

GCD (the Greatest Common Divisor)

WhatistheGCDof

24and36?

LCM (the Least Common Multiple)

WhatistheLCMof

15and9?

int÷

• ”Q”indicates“Quotient”,and“R”indicates“Remainder”.

• Pressing@ 6cannotbefollowedbypressingakeyfor

anotheroperationsuchas(+,–,×,÷),otherwiseanerrorwillresult.

• Thequotientandremainderareshownin“NORM1”format.Ifnot

alldigitscanbedisplayedin“NORM1”format,normaldivisionis

performed.

ipart

Returnsonlytheintegerpartofadecimalnumber.

fpart

Returnsonlythefractionpartofadecimalnumber.

int

Returnsthehighestintegervaluethatdoesnotexceedthevalue

specied.

(%)

Whenspeciedimmediatelyafteravalue,thevalueistreatedasa

percentage.

Note: Forcalculationusing@

, refer to the calculation

examples(No.9).Yo u canuse@

toperformpremium,

discount, and other calculations.

Prime Factorization

InNORMALmode,thecalculationresultcanbeshownasaproduct

ofprimenumbers.

•Apositiveintegergreaterthan2andnomorethan10digitscanbe

factoredintoprimes.

•Anumberthatcannotbefactoredintoaprimenumberwith3digits

orshorterisshowninparentheses.

•Thecalculationresultofprimefactorizationisdisplayedaccordingto

theeditorsetting(W-VIEWorLINE).

• Thecalculationresultofprimefactorizationmayextendoffthe

edgesofthescreen.Yo u canseethosepartsbypressingl or

r.Tojumptotheleftendorrightend,press@ l or @

Simulation Calculation (ALGB)

Ifyouhavetondvaluesconsecutivelyusingthesameexpression,

suchasplottingacurvelinefor2x

+1,orndingthevariablevalues

for2

x+2y=14,onceyouentertheexpression,allyouhavetodoisto

specifythevalueforthevariableintheequation.

Usablevariables:A–F,M,XandY

• SimulationcalculationscanonlybeexecutedinNORMALmode.

• Calculationendinginstructionsotherthan= cannot be used.

Performing calculations

1. Pressb 0.

2. Inputanexpressionwithatleastonevariable.

3. Press@ 2.

4. Thevariableentryscreenwillappear.Enteravalue,thenpress

etoconrm.

• Aftercompletingthecalculation,press@ 2toperform

calculationsusingthesameequation.

Solver Function

Thesolverfunctionndsthevalueforx that reduces the entered

expressiontozero.

• ThisfunctionusesNewton’smethodtoobtainanapproximation.

Dependingonthefunction(e.g.periodic)orstartvalue,anerror

mayoccur(ERROR02)duetotherebeingnoconvergencetothe

solutionfortheequation.

• Thevalueobtainedbythisfunctionmayincludeamarginoferror.

• Changethe“Start”value(e.g.toanegativevalue)ordxvalue(e.g.

toasmallervalue)if:

• nosolutioncanbefound(ERROR02).

•

morethantwosolutionsappeartobepossible(e.g.acubicequation)

• toimprovearithmeticprecision.

• ThecalculationresultisautomaticallystoredintheXmemory.

• Pressjtoexitthesolverfunction.

Performing solver function

1. Pressb 0.

2. Inputanexpressionwithanx variable.

3. Press@ 3.

4. Entera“Start”valueandpresse.Thedefaultvalueis“0”.

5. Entera

dxvalue(minuteinterval).

6. Presse.

Entryvalue

DEG multiplesof15

RAD

multiplesof



GRAD

multiplesof



SCIENTIFICCALCULATOR

OPERATION MANUAL

EL-W516T

MODEL

ENGLISH