Texas Instruments TI-10 - User Manual

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TI-10
Calculator and Arithmetic Trainer
Copyright

2001, 2002 Texas Instruments Incorporated
General Information
The TI-10 has two power sources — battery and solar. It
operates in well-lit areas using the solar cell, and it operates
in other light settings using the battery.
Examples
: See the “Examples” page for problems with
keystroke sequences that demonstrate many of TI-10
functions and capabilities. Before starting each problem set,
reset and clear the TI-10 by pressing
b”
. This helps to
ensure that your displays are the same as those shown in
the examples. In Problem Solving
AUTO
mode, however,
displays will vary from those shown in the examples
because the problems presented by the TI-10 are random.
On/Off
−
To turn the TI-10 on, press
−
.
If the TI-10 is on, press
−
to turn it off.
If you do not press any keys for about five minutes, the
Automatic Power Down™ (APD™) feature turns off the
TI-10 automatically. After APD, press
−
to power up again.
The display, all pending operations, settings, and memory
(including history) are retained.
Two-Line Display and Scrolling
"!
# $
The TI-10 has a two-line display that shows up to 11
characters at a time on each line. Entries that do not fit on
the first line wrap to the second. When the second line is
filled, the characters scroll up.
Entries can be up to 88 characters.
Exceptions : For
Op1
(Stored Operation), the limit is 44 characters. For
‹
(Problem Solving)
MAN
(manual) mode, entries do not
wrap; entries cannot exceed 11 characters.
When a result exceeds the capacity of the display, it is
shown in scientific notation. However, if the result is greater
than 10
99
, an
OVERFLOW ERROR
is displayed; if the result
is less than 10
L
99
, an
UNDERFLOW ERROR
is displayed.
Scroll using these keys:
"
,
!
,
#
, and
$
.
¦
Press
"
and
!
to scroll through entries or to move the
underline from one item to another within a menu.
¦
Press
#
and
$
to scroll through history or to move between
menus when the menus are displayed.
Clearing, Correcting, and Resetting
” w
w
Deletes the character to the left of the
cursor.
”
Only clears the display and error condition.
Does not clear value from memory, mode
settings, etc.
|
|
Clears the value from memory.
b
Resets the TI-10 clearing the calculator
completely and restoring all default
settings.
MEM CLEARED
is displayed.
Press
”
to clear the display.
You can also reset by:
¦
Using the
RESET
menu. See
Calculator/Problem Solving menus.
¦
Pressing
−
and
”
simultaneously.
Display Indicators
Indicator Definition
‹
TI-10 is in the Problem Solving tool.
ƒ
TI-10 is in the Place Value feature.
Fix
TI-10 is rounding results.
M
A value other than zero is in memory.
Op1
Stored operation is active.
Auto
Problem Solving (
‹
) is in
AUTO
(automatic)
mode.
.
P
When using
W
, result will be displayed in
decimal format.
y z
More entry history or menus are available.
Press
#
(up) or
$
(down) to access.
w x
An entry extends beyond the capacity of the
display. Press
!
or
"
to scroll.
Calculator / Problem Solving Menus
Press Calculator Tool
‡
‡
$
‡
$$
‡
$$$
QR
Ù
(Division result format)
+ 1
?
(Show or hide
OP
)
Y
n
(Clear stored operation)
n
Y
(Reject or select
RESET
)
Press Problem Solving Tool (AUTO)
‡
‡
$
‡
$$
AUTO
MAN
(Automatic or Manual)
1
2 3
(Level of Difficulty)
+
-
Q P
?
(Type of Operation)
Press Problem Solving Tool (MAN)
‡"®
‡"®$
AUTO MAN
(Automatic or Manual)
11 -.
- 1 -.
(Place Value feature)
Once in a menu:
¦
To underline a menu item, press
!
or
"
.
¦
To select the underlined item, press
®
.
¦
To exit a menu, press
‡
.
Note:
To select an option from the Place Value menu, the
TI-10 must be in
‹
(Problem Solving)
MAN
(manual)
mode.
Pressing
‡
while in the
‹
(Problem Solving) tool
temporarily displays the Scoreboard before the
AUTO /
MAN
menu is displayed.
Order of Operations
The TI-10 uses the Equation Operating System (EOS
é
) to
evaluate expressions.
1st Expressions inside parentheses.
2nd Functions that require a closing parenthesis ) and
precede the argument.
3rd Negation (
N
).
4th Multiplication, implied multiplication, division.
5th Addition and subtraction.
6th
Z
completes all operations.
Basic Arithmetic
T U V W r M X Y Z
q
,
h
,
i
,
j
,
k
,
l
,
m
,
n
,
o
,
p
Enters the numerals 0 through 9.
T
,
U
,
V
,
W
Adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides.
r
Inserts a decimal point.
M
Enters a negative sign. (Does not act as
an operator.)
X
,
Y
Opens, closes a parenthetical
expression.
Z
Completes all operations.

Summary

TI-10 Calculator Fundamentals

Power, Operation, and Display Basics

Covers power sources, on/off functions, automatic power down, two-line display, scrolling, and key indicators.

Clearing, Correcting, and Resetting

Explains the functions of the Clear, MR/MC, and AC keys for data management and device reset.

Menus, Operations, and Arithmetic

Details accessing calculator/problem solving menus, order of operations (EOS), and basic arithmetic key functions.

Advanced Calculator Functions

Division Modes and Memory

Explains QR division, decimal division, and memory operations using M+, M-, MR/MC keys.

Stored Operation (Op1)

How to store and repeat an operation with a constant value using the Op1 key.

Rounding Results

Using the Fix key with Place Value keys to specify decimal places for rounding.

Problem Solving Modes

AUTO Mode

Practice problems with missing elements, select difficulty, and choose problem types.

MAN Mode

Compose custom problems, enter solutions, and identify problem types (one/multiple/no solutions).

Place Value and Error Handling

Place Value Feature

Analyze digits and place values within numbers in MAN mode.

Error Conditions

Lists and describes common error types like Arith Error, Syn Error, Overflow, and Underflow.

Troubleshooting and Battery

Troubleshooting Unexpected Results

Steps to take for unexpected results, including checking mode, rounding, reset, and battery.

Battery Replacement

Instructions for safely replacing the CR2025 battery and proper disposal.

Overview

1. Function Description
2. Usage Features
3. Maintenance Features

The TI-10 is a versatile calculator and arithmetic trainer designed to assist users with basic arithmetic operations and problem-solving skills. It features a two-line display, allowing for the simultaneous viewing of entries and results, and supports entries up to 88 characters long, with exceptions for specific modes. The device is powered by both battery and solar energy, ensuring functionality in various lighting conditions.

Function Description

The TI-10 offers standard arithmetic operations including addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It adheres to the Equation Operating System (EOS™) for evaluating expressions, prioritizing operations in the following order: expressions inside parentheses, functions requiring a closing parenthesis, negation, multiplication (including implied multiplication) and division, and finally, addition and subtraction. The calculator also includes a "completes all operations" function.

A key feature of the TI-10 is its Problem Solving tool, which can operate in either AUTO (automatic) or MAN (manual) mode. In AUTO mode, the calculator presents problems with a missing element (e.g., 5+2=?) and allows users to select the type of operation (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, or finding the operator) and choose from three levels of difficulty. The device provides immediate feedback on answers (YES/NO) and indicates if the correct solution is less than or greater than the entered answer. After three incorrect attempts, the correct answer is displayed. A scoreboard tracks performance, registering correct and incorrect solutions every fifth problem.

In MAN mode, users can compose their own problems, including those with missing elements. This mode supports non-negative integers and can indicate whether a problem has one, multiple, or zero solutions. It also allows for testing inequalities.

The TI-10 incorporates a memory function, enabling users to add or subtract the displayed result to/from memory and recall the stored value for subsequent calculations. The "M" indicator on the display signifies that a value other than zero is in memory.

The "Stored Operation" (Op1) feature allows users to store an operation with a constant value and repeat it multiple times by pressing a single key. This is particularly useful for repetitive calculations.

Rounding results is another capability, achieved using the "Fix" function in conjunction with Place Value keys. Users can specify the number of decimal places for rounding, from thousands to hundredths. The internally stored value remains unrounded, and zeros are padded as needed for display.

The Place Value menu, accessible in Problem Solving MAN mode, helps users understand the place value of digits within a number. It can identify the place value of a given digit, count how many ones, tens, hundreds, etc., are in a number, and determine which digit occupies a specific place.

Usage Features

• Two-Line Display and Scrolling: The display shows up to 11 characters per line. Entries that exceed one line wrap to the second, and if the second line fills, characters scroll up. Users can scroll through entries and menus using dedicated arrow keys.
• Display Indicators: Various indicators on the display provide information about the calculator's status, such as being in Problem Solving mode, Place Value feature, rounding results, memory in use, stored operation active, AUTO mode, decimal result format, and available history/menus.
• Clearing and Correcting: The calculator offers several options for clearing and correcting. The key deletes the character to the left of the cursor. "Clear" clears only the display and error conditions, while "MR/MC" clears the value from memory. "AC" performs a complete reset, clearing the calculator entirely and restoring default settings, with "MEM CLEARED" displayed. A reset can also be performed via the RESET menu or by pressing and simultaneously.
• Automatic Power Down (APD™): To conserve battery life, the TI-10 automatically turns off after approximately five minutes of inactivity, retaining the display, pending operations, settings, and memory.
• Menu Navigation: Menus are navigated using the arrow keys to underline items and the "Enter" key to select. The "Mode" key is used to exit menus.

Maintenance Features

• Battery Replacement: The TI-10 uses a CR2025 battery. Instructions are provided for safely replacing the battery, including removing screws, separating the case, and avoiding contact with other components. Users are advised to dispose of old batteries properly.
• Troubleshooting: In case of unexpected results, users are guided to review instructions, check mode settings and rounding, reset the TI-10, and check the battery. If the unit does not turn on, the screen is blank, or results are unexpected, the battery may need to be changed. Temporary solutions, such as exposing the solar panel to brighter light and resetting the TI-10, are suggested for continued use until the battery can be replaced.
• Error Conditions: The calculator displays specific error messages for various issues, including Arithmetical Error, Syntax Error, Divide by Zero Error, Memory Error, Stored Operation Error, Overflow, and Underflow. In some cases, "Clear" can restore the last display before the error message appeared. Errors are also recorded in the history.

Texas Instruments TI-10 Specifications