This document is a user's manual for the VKPD series of duct rectangular smoke extraction fans, manufactured by VENTS.
Function Description
The VKPD fan is designed for emergency exhaust ventilation systems, specifically for the forced removal of smoke, heated gases, and combustion products. It can also be used for general exhaust ventilation in commercial spaces like shopping centers, garages, warehouses, and kitchens, with the mandatory use of grease filters. The unit is a component part of a larger ventilation system and is not designed for independent operation. It is rated for continuous operation.
The fan is capable of removing smoke and air mixtures at temperatures up to +400 °C for 120 minutes, and for continuous operation at temperatures of the transported medium up to +100 °C. The ambient operating temperature range for the unit is -20 °C to +40 °C, with a relative humidity up to 80%. The transported air must be free of flammable or explosive mixtures, chemical evaporations, sticky substances, fibrous materials, coarse dust, soot, oil particles, or environments conducive to the formation of hazardous substances (toxic substances, dust, pathogenic germs).
Important Technical Specifications
The VKPD series includes various models with different impeller standard sizes, pole numbers, number of phases, motor power, and spigot dimensions.
Impeller Standard Sizes (mm): 250, 280, 315, 355, 400, 450, 500, 560, 630, 710.
Pole Numbers:
- Single-speed electric motor: 2, 4, 6.
- Two-speed electric motor: 2/4, 4/6, 4/8.
Number of Phases:
- E: single-phase
- D: three-phase
Motor Power (kW): Specified as X for single-speed motors and X/X for two-speed motors.
Spigot Dimensions (mm): 500x300, 600x300, 600x400, 700x400, 800x500, 900x600, 1000x700, 1200x800.
Electrical Specifications:
- Rated for connection to 1~230 V/50 Hz or 3~400 V/50 Hz power mains.
- Class I electrical appliance.
- Motor protection degree: IP55 (according to IEC 60034-5).
Construction:
- Fan casing: Made of galvanized steel, with inspection hatches for periodic inspections.
- Electric motor: Installed outside the air flow.
- Impeller: Features backward curved blades made of heat-resisting steel.
- Speed control: The fan can be equipped with a frequency converter (not included in the delivery set, ordered separately).
Usage Features
Installation:
- The unit must be grounded.
- Installation must be performed by properly qualified personnel after appropriate briefing.
- The installation location must prevent unauthorized access by unattended children.
- The fan is installed between rectangular air ducts and connected with bolts and nuts.
- It must be fixed on independent hangers to avoid pressure on flexible joints or air ducts.
- Suspension to the ceiling is recommended using steel reinforcement, threaded rods, or perforated galvanized plates connected to the fan flanges or an auxiliary structure.
- The fan can be installed in any position, considering the airflow direction indicated by an arrow on the casing.
- For access to the terminal box and motor, it is desirable to install the fan with the motor downwards.
- Flexible joints (purchased separately) should be installed on both sides of the fan.
- A filter (purchased separately) is recommended upstream of the fan to protect it and the air duct from dust.
- If there's a risk of contact with the impeller, a protective grille (purchased separately) must be installed.
- A 1.5 m long straight air duct is recommended at the fan outlet.
Operation:
- The unit should not be operated by children or persons with reduced physical, mental, or sensory capacities without appropriate training.
- Disconnect power mains before any installation or maintenance.
- Do not operate the unit outside the specified temperature range or in aggressive/explosive environments.
- Do not touch controls or perform maintenance with wet hands.
- Do not wash the unit with water; protect electrical parts from water ingress.
- Do not open the unit during operation.
- Do not direct airflow towards open flames or ignition sources.
- Do not block the air duct when the unit is switched on.
- Periodically check mounting security during continuous operation.
- Do not sit on the unit or place foreign objects on it.
- Use the unit only for its intended purpose.
Electric Motor Starting Methods:
- Direct-on-line (DOL) starting: Simple, quick, and low cost, but results in high in-rush starting currents (5-8 times rated value) and high startup torque. Suitable for low motor power relative to mains power, mechanisms not requiring gradual speed build-up, or those with damping devices. Not recommended for heavy-weight fans or prolonged overloads.
- Soft Starter (SS) starting: Gradually increases voltage to the motor, limiting in-rush current (300-400% of rated current) and regulating torque. Suitable for turbomachinery like centrifugal pumps and fans, and mechanisms with constant load resistance.
- Frequency Converter (FC) starting: Gradually raises frequency from 0 Hz to mains frequency, allowing the motor to operate at its rated speed for a given frequency value, providing nominal torque with approximately rated current. Used for speed control and regulation, high-inertia loads, high loads with limited-capacity power supply, and optimization of power consumption.
Commissioning:
- Ensure proper motor phasing and starting pattern selection.
- After starting, verify proper motor rotation without undue vibration or abnormal noise.
- Confirm impeller rotation direction matches the arrow on the casing. If not, change phase sequence (for three-phase) or rewire (for single-phase).
- Check energy consumption against nameplate value and monitor for overheating.
- Check phase current once rated operating conditions are reached.
- Avoid frequent on/off switching to prevent winding or insulation damage from overheating.
Maintenance Features
Technical Maintenance:
- Disconnect the unit from power supply before any maintenance operations.
- Ensure the unit is switched off before removing any guards.
- Periodic cleaning of surfaces from accumulated dust and dirt is required.
- Use a soft dry brush or compressed air for metal parts.
- Impeller blades require thorough cleaning every 6 months.
- Detach air ducts from the fan before maintenance.
- Clean impeller blades with a soft cloth wetted in mild water detergent solution, avoiding liquid dripping on the motor.
- Wipe fan surfaces dry after cleaning.
- Ensure balance counterweights are not shifted and the impeller is not misaligned during cleaning.
Troubleshooting:
- Fan not starting: Check mains switch, electrical connections, impeller for seizure, or replace electric motor.
- Switching equipment activates on start-up: Eliminate short circuit, reduce excessive current consumption, use soft starter/frequency converter, or re-select switching equipment.
- Fan fails to reach required speed/motor overheating: Eliminate motor overload, use soft starter/frequency converter.
- Motor runs at overload capacity/excessive current: Measure network resistance, throttle down the network.
- Fan supplies more air than expected: Re-calculate network parameters, re-arrange ventilation network, change impeller rotation direction, clean air duct/impeller, check air ducts for proper shape/dampers, throttle down network, or replace fan with proper size.
- Fan supplies less air than expected: Re-calculate network parameters, re-arrange ventilation network, change impeller rotation direction, clean air duct/impeller, check air ducts for proper shape/dampers, throttle down network, or replace fan with proper size.
- Excessive noise/vibration: Check screw connections, install flexible joints, tighten fasteners of valves/dampers, clean impeller/air ducts, replace worn bearings, or check power supply stability/motor operation.
Storage and Transportation:
- Store in original packaging in a dry, closed, ventilated premise at +5 °C to +40 °C and relative humidity up to 70%.
- Storage environment must be free of aggressive vapors and chemical mixtures.
- Use suitable hoist machinery to prevent damage.
- Transport in original packaging by any mode, ensuring protection against precipitation and mechanical damage, only in the working position.
- Avoid sharp blows, scratches, or rough handling.
- After low-temperature transportation, allow the unit to warm to operating temperature for 3-4 hours before initial power-up.
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