Casio CT-S1BK - User Manual

CT-S1
MIDI Implementation
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.
Contents
I Overview 3
1 Product Configuration as a MIDI Device 3
1.1 System Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Performance Controller Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Sound Generator Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 Timbre Type Specific Operation 5
3 Controlling Send/Receive of MIDI Messages in Each Instrument Part 5
4 Conditions that Disable Message Send and Receive 5
II Channel Message 6
5 Note Off 6
6 Note On 6
7 Control Change 6
7.1 Bank Select (00H,20H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
7.2 Modulation wheel or lever (01H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.3 Portamento Time (05H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.4 Data Entry (06H,26H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.5 Channel Volume (07H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
7.6 Pan (0AH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.7 Expression Controller (0BH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.8 Damper pedal (sustain) (40H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
7.9 Portamento On/Off (41H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.10 Sostenuto (42H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.11 Soft Pedal (43H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
7.12 Filter Resonance (47H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.13 Release Time (48H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.14 Attack Time (49H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.15 Filter Cutoff Frequency (4AH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.16 Portamento Control (54H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.17 Reverb Send Level (5BH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
7.18 RPN (64H,65H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1

Summary

I Overview

1 Product Configuration as a MIDI Device

Describes the Instrument's MIDI structure: System, Performance Controller, and Sound Generator sections.

2 Timbre Type Specific Operation

Explains how sound generator instrument receive messages depend on Timbre Type.

3 Controlling Send;Receive of MIDI Messages in Each Instrument Part

Details controlling MIDI message send/receive via global and instrument-specific settings.

4 Conditions that Disable Message Send and Receive

Lists conditions like startup, shutdown, or flash memory access that disable MIDI.

II Channel Message

5 Note Off

Defines the MIDI Note Off message format, transmission, and reception.

6 Note On

Defines the MIDI Note On message format, transmission, and reception.

7 Control Change

Explains the MIDI Control Change message format and its parameters, including various controllers like Bank Select, Volume, Pan, etc.

8 Program Change

Explains the MIDI Program Change message and its relation to Timbre Type.

9 Channel Pressure (Aftertouch)

Details the Channel Pressure (Aftertouch) MIDI message.

10 Pitch Bend Change

Explains the Pitch Bend Change MIDI message and its range.

III System Message

11 Active Sensing

Describes the Active Sensing system message and its mode.

12 System Exclusive Message

Details System Exclusive (SysEx) messages, including Universal Real Time, Non Real Time, and CASIO General types.

IV Setting Values and Send; Receive Values

13 Setting Value Tables

Provides tables mapping MIDI transmit/receive values to DSP parameter values for various settings like volume, pan, and tuning.

V MIDI Implementation Notation

14 Value Notation

Explains notation conventions, including hexadecimal and binary, for MIDI data values.

Overview

1. Function Description
2. Usage Features
3. System Exclusive Messages
4. Maintenance Features

The CASIO CT-S1 is a MIDI-compatible instrument designed to integrate seamlessly into various musical setups, offering a blend of performance control, sound generation, and system management capabilities. As a MIDI device, it comprises three main sections: the System Section, the Performance Controller Section, and the Sound Generator Section, each contributing to its overall functionality.

Function Description

The System Section is the core management unit of the CT-S1, overseeing the instrument's operational status and user-defined data. It ensures the stable and consistent performance of the device by managing internal settings and configurations.

The Performance Controller Section is dedicated to capturing and transmitting performance-related data. This includes input from keyboard play and various controller operations. When you play the keyboard or manipulate a controller, this section generates performance messages that are sent both to external destinations and to the internal Sound Generator Section. The channel number for these messages is determined by the instrument's MIDI settings, allowing for flexible routing and control within a larger MIDI ecosystem. This design ensures that the CT-S1 can act as a central control point or a responsive component in a complex musical arrangement.

The Sound Generator Section is responsible for processing performance information and sound source settings to produce audio. It is divided into a common block and multiple instrument part blocks. The common block handles system effects and master control functions, which can be managed through general universal system exclusive messages or instrument-specific system exclusive messages. The CT-S1 features two types of system effects: those applied to keyboard playing parts and those applied to other parts, offering a nuanced approach to sound shaping. The instrument part section is organized into A, B, and C groups, totaling 48 parts. While all part settings can be modified using channel messages or instrument-specific system exclusive messages, only the C group channels are externally controllable via channel messages, providing a structured approach to managing sound layers and timbres.

Usage Features

The CT-S1 offers extensive control over its sound generation and performance parameters through MIDI messages.

Note On/Off: The instrument transmits a "Note On" message when a key is pressed on the keyboard, including key number and velocity. It receives "Note On" messages to sound a note for the corresponding instrument part. Conversely, a "Note Off" message is transmitted when a key is released, and receiving this message stops a note that is currently sounding. The key number in both transmit and receive operations is influenced by the Transpose and Octave Shift functions, allowing for real-time pitch adjustments.

Control Change: A wide array of control change messages enables dynamic manipulation of sound characteristics.

• Bank Select (00H, 20H): This allows for the selection of different tone banks. While receiving this message changes the tone bank number in memory, the actual tone change occurs only after a "Program Change" message is received.
• Modulation Wheel or Lever (01H): Transmitted when the modulation wheel or lever is operated, receiving this message adds modulation to the sounding tone, with the depth determined by the value. This effect accumulates with existing modulation and varies based on the tone type.
• Portamento Time (05H): This message controls the duration of the portamento effect, allowing for smooth transitions between notes.
• Data Entry (06H, 26H): Used to change parameters assigned to Registered Parameter Numbers (RPN) and Non-Registered Parameter Numbers (NRPN).
• Channel Volume (07H): Transmitted when the part volume is adjusted, and received to change the volume of the corresponding part.
• Pan (0AH): This message controls the stereo positioning of the sound, allowing for spatial placement of instrument parts.
• Expression Controller (0BH): Similar to volume, this controller allows for dynamic changes in the expression of a sound.
• Damper Pedal (Sustain) (40H): Transmitted when a sustain pedal is operated, receiving this message performs a sustain pedal operation. Its effect is timbre-type specific: for Melody and Hex Layer timbres, it controls sustain on/off; for Piano timbres, it continuously controls the piano note decay rate; for Linear Morphing Piano (LMPiano) timbres, it continuously controls both decay rate and Damper Resonance characteristics; and for Drum timbres, it has no effect.
• Portamento On/Off (41H): This message toggles the portamento effect on or off.
• Sostenuto (42H): Transmitted when a sostenuto pedal is operated, receiving this message performs a sostenuto pedal operation.
• Soft Pedal (43H): Transmitted when a soft pedal is operated, receiving this message performs a soft pedal operation.
• Filter Resonance (47H): This message changes the intensity of the filter resonance, affecting the timbre's harmonic richness.
• Release Time (48H): Received to make a relative change in the time it takes for a note to decay to zero after a key is released.
• Attack Time (49H): Received to make a relative change in the time it takes for a note to rise to its maximum level.
• Filter Cutoff Frequency (4AH): This message changes the filter cutoff frequency, shaping the brightness or darkness of the sound.
• Portamento Control (54H): This advanced feature allows for legato play. Upon receiving this message, the Source Note Number for the next note is stored. When the subsequent "Note On" message is received, portamento is applied using the stored Source Note Number as the pitch start point and the "Note On" event key number as the end point. If a note is already sounding from the Source Note Number, the new "Note On" is not performed, and portamento is applied to the pitch of the existing note.
• Reverb Send Level (5BH): This message changes the amount of reverb sent from the corresponding part.
• RPN (64H, 65H): Registered Parameter Numbers allow for control over standardized parameters like Pitch Bend Sensitivity, Channel Fine Tuning, and Channel Coarse Tune.
  • Pitch Bend Sensitivity: Changes the bend range of the corresponding part.
  • Channel Fine Tuning: Changes the fine tune of the corresponding part.
  • Channel Coarse Tune: Changes the coarse tune of the corresponding part. This does not affect drum timbres.
  • Null (7FH, 7FH): De-selects RPN and NRPN.

All Sound Off (78H): Transmitted when MIDI send settings are changed, and received to stop all sounding voices.

Reset All Controllers (79H): Transmitted when MIDI send settings are changed, and received to initialize each performance controller to its default state.

All Notes Off (7BH): Received to release all sounding voices (key release).

Omni Mode Off/On (7CH, 7DH): While the CT-S1 always operates in Omni Mode Off, receiving these messages performs the same operation as "All Notes Off."

Mono Mode On/Poly Mode On (7EH, 7FH): The CT-S1 always operates in Poly Mode On. Receiving these messages performs the same operation as "All Notes Off."

Program Change (CnH ppH): Transmitted when a tone number is selected or when the Program number send function is used. Receiving this message changes the tone of the corresponding part, determined by the program value and the preceding Bank Select message. It may also change the Timbre Type associated with the selected tone. The instrument supports various Timbre Types:

• Melody: Optimized for normal melody tones, with the damper pedal performing on/off operations.
• Piano: Optimized for piano tones, with seamless alteration of voice decay rate based on damper pedal position.
• LMPiano (Linear Morphing Piano): Optimized for linear morphing piano tones, with seamless alteration of voice decay rate and Damper Resonance characteristics based on damper pedal position.
• Drum: Optimized for drum sounds; the damper pedal, Hold1, Channel Coarse Tune, and Master Coarse Tune messages are ignored.

Channel Pressure (Aftertouch) (DnH vvH): Received to add modulation to the sounding tone, with depth determined by the value. This effect accumulates and varies by tone type.

Pitch Bend Change (EnH 11H mmH): Received to change the pitch of the currently sounding note, with the range dependent on the bend range value setting.

System Exclusive Messages:

• Active Sensing (FEH): Once received, the instrument enters Active Sensing mode. If no MIDI messages are received for a specified period, sounding voices are released, controllers are reset, and Active Sensing mode is exited.
• Universal Real Time System Exclusive Messages:
  • Master Volume: Changes the overall song volume.
  • Master Fine Tuning: Changes the global fine tuning setting.
  • Master Coarse Tuning: Changes the global coarse tuning parameter.
  • Reverb Type: Changes the type of reverb effect.
  • Reverb Time: Changes the duration of the reverb effect.
• Universal Non Real Time System Exclusive Messages:
  • GM System On/Off: Puts the sound source into GM mode or reverts to the instrument's presetting.
  • GM2 System On: Though GM2 is not supported, receipt of this message has the same effect as GM System On.
• CASIO General System Exclusive Messages: These messages allow for operations on sound source parameters, including specific control over Reverb Type.

Maintenance Features

The CT-S1's MIDI implementation includes several features that contribute to its stability and ease of maintenance within a MIDI setup.

Controlling Send/Receive of MIDI Messages: The ability to control MIDI message send and receive for each instrument part through global MIDI settings and instrument-specific system exclusive messages allows for precise configuration and troubleshooting. This granular control helps in isolating issues and optimizing performance in complex MIDI environments.

Conditions that Disable Message Send and Receive: The manual explicitly states that no MIDI messages can be sent or received while the instrument is undergoing critical internal operations such as startup, shutdown, or flash memory access. This is a crucial maintenance feature as it prevents data corruption or unexpected behavior during sensitive processes, ensuring the integrity of the device and its settings. By temporarily disabling MIDI communication during these times, the CT-S1 protects itself from external interference, contributing to its long-term reliability.

The comprehensive MIDI implementation of the CT-S1 makes it a versatile instrument, capable of both generating rich sounds and serving as a responsive component in a sophisticated MIDI setup. Its detailed control over various parameters, coupled with robust system management, ensures a flexible and reliable user experience.

Casio CT-S1BK Specifications