Casio CT-S410 - User Manual

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CT-S400/CT-S410/LK-S450

MIDI Implementation

CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.

Contents

I Overview 3

1 Product Conﬁguration as a MIDI Device 3

1.1 System Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.2 Performance Controller Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.3 Sound Generator Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2 Timbre Type Speciﬁc Operation 5

3 Controlling Send/Receive of MIDI Messages in Each Instrument Part 5

4 Conditions that Disable Message Send and Receive 5

II Channel Message 6

5 Note Oﬀ 6

6 Note On 6

7 Control Change 6

7.1 Bank Select (00H,20H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

7.2 Modulation wheel or lever (01H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

7.3 Portamento Time (05H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

7.4 Data Entry (06H,26H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

7.5 Channel Volume (07H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

7.6 Pan (0AH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

7.7 Expression Controller (0BH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

7.8 Damper pedal (sustain) (40H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

7.9 Portamento On/Oﬀ (41H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

7.10 Sostenuto (42H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

7.11 Soft Pedal (43H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

7.12 Filter Resonance (47H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

7.13 Release Time (48H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

7.14 Attack Time (49H) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

7.15 Filter Cutoﬀ Frequency (4AH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

7.16 Vibrato Rate (4CH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

7.17 Vibrato Depth (4DH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

7.18 Vibrato Delay (4EH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

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Summary

Part I Overview

1 Product Configuration as a MIDI Device

Details the instrument's structure including System, Sound Generator, and Performance Controller sections.

2 Timbre Type Specific Operation

Explains how sound source operations vary based on Timbre Type.

3 Controlling Send;Receive of MIDI Messages

Covers controlling MIDI message send/receive via global and specific settings.

4 Conditions that Disable MIDI Send;Receive

Lists conditions under which MIDI messages cannot be sent or received.

Part II Channel Message

5 Note Off

Describes the MIDI Note Off message format and function.

6 Note On

Details the MIDI Note On message format and function for sounding notes.

7 Control Change

Explains MIDI Control Change messages for various parameters.

Part III System Message

11 Active Sensing

Defines the Active Sensing MIDI message and its role in maintaining connection.

12 System Exclusive Message

Covers standard and instrument-specific System Exclusive MIDI messages.

Part IV Setting Values and Send;Receive Values

13 Setting Value Tables

Provides tables mapping transmit/receive values to parameters for various settings.

Part V MIDI Implementation Notation

14 Value Notation

Explains hexadecimal and binary notation used in MIDI implementation data.

Overview

Function Description
I. Overview
II. Channel Message
III. System Message
IV. Setting Values and Send/Receive Values
V. MIDI Implementation Notation
Usage Features
Maintenance Features
Important Technical Specifications
Conditions that Disable Message Send and Receive

The CASIO CT-S400/CT-S410/LK-S450 is a MIDI-compatible instrument designed for musical performance and sound generation. It comprises three main sections: the System Section, Performance Controller Section, and Sound Generator Section, each with specific functions for sending and receiving MIDI messages.

Function Description:

I. Overview

The instrument functions as a comprehensive MIDI device, integrating various components to produce and control sound.

System Section: This section manages the overall instrument status and user data, ensuring smooth operation and configuration.
Performance Controller Section: This part handles keyboard input and other controller operations, generating performance messages. These messages are typically sent to external destinations and simultaneously transmitted to the Sound Generator Section. The MIDI channel for transmitted messages is configurable via the instrument's MIDI settings, detailed in the User's Guide.
Sound Generator Section: Primarily responsible for receiving performance and sound source setting information. It consists of a common block (channel-independent) and an instrument part block (channel-dependent).
- Sound Generator Common Block: This block includes system effects and master control functions. These can be managed through general universal system exclusive messages or the instrument's specific system exclusive messages. The instrument features two types of system effects: those applied to keyboard playing parts and those applied to other parts.
- Instrument Part Block: Divided into A, B, and C groups, each containing 16 parts, for a total of 48 parts. Settings for each part can be modified using channel messages or the instrument's system exclusive messages. Notably, only the C group channels (parts 33-48) can be controlled by external channel messages.

II. Channel Message

The instrument supports a wide range of MIDI channel messages for detailed control over performance and sound parameters.

Note Off (8nH kkH vvH / 9nH kkH 00H):
- Transmit: Sent when a key is released on the keyboard or when an arpeggio stops. Key numbers are adjusted by Transpose and Octave Shift functions.
- Receive: Stops a note that was previously sounded by a Note On message.
Note On (9nH kkH vvH):
- Transmit: Sent when a key is pressed on the keyboard or when an arpeggio starts. Key numbers are adjusted by Transpose and Octave Shift functions.
- Receive: Sounds a note on the corresponding instrument part.
Control Change (BnH ccH vvH): This is a versatile message type for altering various sound characteristics.
- Bank Select (00H, 20H):
  - Transmit: Sent when a tone setup number is selected.
  - Receive: Changes the tone bank number in memory, but the tone itself only changes upon receiving a Program Change message.
- Modulation Wheel or Lever (01H):
  - Receive: Adds modulation to the sounding tone, increasing depth if modulation is already applied. The effect varies by tone.
- Portamento Time (05H):
  - Receive: Adjusts the time taken for portamento to apply.
- Data Entry (06H, 26H):
  - Transmit: Sent when parameters assigned to RPN (Registered Parameter Number) or NRPN (Non-Registered Parameter Number) are changed (CT-S400/CT-S410).
  - Receive: Changes the parameter assigned to RPN or NRPN.
- Channel Volume (07H):
  - Transmit: Sent when part volume is adjusted.
  - Receive: Changes the volume of the corresponding part.
- Pan (0AH):
  - Receive: Changes the stereo pan position of the corresponding part.
- Expression Controller (0BH):
  - Receive: Changes the expression value.
- Damper Pedal (Sustain) (40H):
  - Transmit: Sent when a sustain pedal is operated.
  - Receive: Performs a sustain pedal operation. Its effect varies based on the "Timbre Type" setting:
Melody, Hex Layer: Controls sustain on/off.
Piano, LM (Linear Morphing) Piano: Continuously controls piano note decay rate and Damper Resonance effect characteristics based on pedal position.
Drum: No effect on sound source. * Portamento On/Off (41H):
- Receive: Toggles portamento on or off.

*   **Sostenuto (42H):**
    *   **Transmit:** Sent when a sostenuto pedal is operated.
    *   **Receive:** Performs a sostenuto pedal operation.
*   **Soft Pedal (43H):**
    *   **Transmit:** Sent when a soft pedal is operated.
    *   **Receive:** Performs a soft pedal operation.
*   **Filter Resonance (47H):**
    *   **Receive:** Changes the intensity of the filter resonance.
*   **Release Time (48H):**
    *   **Transmit:** Changes when sustain is used or settings are altered.
    *   **Receive:** Makes a relative change to the time it takes for a note to decay to zero after key release.
*   **Attack Time (49H):**
    *   **Receive:** Makes a relative change to the time it takes for a note to reach its maximum level.
*   **Filter Cutoff Frequency (4AH):**
    *   **Receive:** Changes the filter cutoff frequency.
*   **Vibrato Rate (4CH):**
    *   **Receive:** Changes the rate of vibrato.
*   **Vibrato Depth (4DH):**
    *   **Receive:** Changes the depth of vibrato.
*   **Vibrato Delay (4EH):**
    *   **Receive:** Changes the delay time of vibrato.
*   **Portamento Control (54H):**
    *   **Receive:** Stores the Source Note Number for the next note. When a subsequent Note On is received, portamento is applied from the Source Note Number to the new Note On key number. If a note is already sounding at the Source Note Number, legato play is performed, applying portamento to the sounding note's pitch.
*   **Reverb Send Level (5BH):**
    *   **Receive:** Changes the reverb send level for the corresponding part.
*   **Chorus Send Level (5DH):**
    *   **Receive:** Changes the chorus send level for the corresponding part.
*   **Delay Send Level (5EH):**
    *   **Receive:** Changes the delay send level for the corresponding part.
*   **RPN (64H, 65H):**
    *   **Pitch Bend Sensitivity (64H 00H, 65H 00H, 06H mmH, 26H 11H):**

Transmit: Sent when calling Registration or changing the bend range (CT-S400/CT-S410).
Receive: Changes the pitch bend range of the corresponding part.
- Channel Fine Tuning (64H 01H, 65H 00H, 06H mmH, 26H 11H):
Transmit: Sent when calling Registration (CT-S400/CT-S410).
Receive: Changes the fine tune of the corresponding part.
- Channel Coarse Tune (64H 02H, 65H 00H, 06H mmH, 26H 11H):
Transmit: Sent when calling Registration (CT-S400/CT-S410).
Receive: Changes the coarse tune of the corresponding part. No effect on Drum Timbre Type.
- Null (64H 7FH, 65H 7FH):
Transmit: Sent when the parameter assigned to RPN/NRPN changes (CT-S400/CT-S410).
Receive: De-selects RPN/NRPN. * All Sound Off (78H):
- Transmit: Sent when MIDI send-related settings are changed.
- Receive: Stops all sounding voices.

*   **Reset All Controllers (79H):**
    *   **Transmit:** Sent when MIDI send-related settings are changed.
    *   **Receive:** Initializes all performance controllers.
*   **All Notes Off (7BH):**
    *   **Receive:** Releases all sounding voices (key release).
*   **Omni Mode Off (All Notes Off) (7CH):**
    *   **Receive:** Performs the same operation as All Notes Off.
*   **Omni Mode On (All Notes Off) (7DH):**
    *   **Note:** The instrument always operates in Omni Mode Off.
    *   **Receive:** Performs the same operation as All Notes Off.
*   **Mono Mode On (Poly Mode Off) (All Notes Off) (7EH):**
    *   **Note:** The instrument always operates in Poly Mode On.
    *   **Receive:** Performs the same operation as All Notes Off.
*   **Poly Mode On (Mono Mode Off) (All Notes Off) (7FH):**
    *   **Receive:** Performs the same operation as All Notes Off.

Program Change (CnH ppH):
- Transmit: Sent when a tone number is selected.
- Receive: Changes the tone of the corresponding part. The selected tone is determined by the program number and previously received Bank Select message. This message may also change the "Timbre Type."
  - Timbre Type: An attribute based on sound source operation type.
Melody: Optimized for normal melody tones; damper pedal performs on/off.
Piano: Optimized for piano tones; continuous control of voice decay rate and sound production based on damper pedal position.
LMPiano (Linear Morphing Piano): Optimized for linear morphing piano tones; continuous control of voice decay rate and Damper Resonance effect characteristics based on damper pedal position.
Drum: Optimized for drum sounds; damper pedal, Hold1, Channel Coarse Tune, and Master Coarse Tune messages are ignored.
Channel Pressure (Aftertouch) (DnH vvH):
- Receive: Adds modulation to the sounding tone, increasing depth if modulation is already applied. The effect varies by tone.
Pitch Bend Change (EnH 11H mmH):
- Transmit: Sent when the pitch bend wheel is operated (CT-S400/CT-S410).
- Receive: Changes the pitch of the currently sounding note. The range depends on the bend range setting.

III. System Message

Active Sensing (FEH):
- Receive: Enters Active Sensing mode. If no MIDI message is received for a set time, voices are released, controllers reset, and Active Sensing mode exits.
System Exclusive Message (F0H iiH....F7H): The instrument sends and receives standard universal system exclusive messages and instrument-specific system exclusive messages.
- ID Numbers:
  - 44H: Casio Computer Co. Ltd
  - 7EH: Non Real Time System Exclusive Message
  - 7FH: Real Time System Exclusive Message
- Universal Real Time System Exclusive Message (F0H 7FH 7FH...F7H):
  - Master Volume (F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 01H 11H mmH F7H):
Receive: Changes the song volume.
- Master Fine Tuning (F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 03H 11H mmH F7H):
Receive: Changes the tuning setting.
- Master Coarse Tuning (F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 04H 11H mmH F7H):
Receive: Changes the Master Coarse Tuning parameter.
- Reverb Type (F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 05H 01H 01H 01H 01H 01H 00H vvH F7H):
Receive: Changes the reverb type.
- Reverb Time (F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 05H 01H 01H 01H 01H 01H 01H vvH F7H):
Receive: Changes the reverb duration.
- Chorus Type (F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 05H 01H 01H 01H 01H 02H 00H vvH F7H):
Receive: Changes the chorus type.
- Mod Rate (F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 05H 01H 01H 01H 01H 02H 01H vvH F7H):
Receive: Changes the modulation rate of the chorus setting.
- Mod Depth (F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 05H 01H 01H 01H 01H 02H 02H vvH F7H):
Receive: Changes the modulation depth of the chorus setting.
- Send to Reverb (F0H 7FH 7FH 04H 05H 01H 01H 01H 01H 02H 04H vvH F7H):
Receive: Changes the Chorus Send to Reverb setting. * Universal Non Real Time System Exclusive Message (F0H 7EH 7FH....F7H):
- GM System On (F0H 7EH 7FH 09H 01H F7H):
Receive: Puts the sound source into GM sound source mode.
- GM System Off (F0H 7EH 7FH 09H 02H F7H):
Receive: Changes the sound source setting to the instrument's presetting.
- GM2 System On (F0H 7EH 7FH 09H 03H F7H):
Receive: Has the same effect as GM System On, though the instrument does not support GM2. * CASIO General System Exclusive (F0H 44H 7EH 7FH iiH ccH ssH ggH ppH ddH ... F7H): Used for sound source parameter operations.
- ii: Device ID (7FH)
- cc: Category ID
- ss: Sub Category ID
- gg: Group ID (00H)
- pp: Parameter ID
- dd...: Data
- Reverb Type (F0H 44H 7EH 7FH 7FH 04H 00H 00H 00H ccH ttH F7H):
Transmit: Sent when the reverb type is changed.
Receive: Changes the reverb type.
- Chorus Type (F0H 44H 7EH 7FH 7FH 04H 01H 00H 00H ccH ttH F7H):
Transmit: Sent when the chorus type is changed.
Receive: Changes the chorus type.
- Delay Type (F0H 44H 7EH 7FH 7FH 04H 02H 00H 00H ccH ttH F7H):
Transmit: Sent when the delay type is changed.
Receive: Changes the delay type.

IV. Setting Values and Send/Receive Values

The manual provides tables for various setting values, including:

0 - 127 Setting Value Table: Maps receive values to DSP parameter values (0-127).
Off/On Setting Value Table: Defines transmit/receive values for Off (00H-3FH) and On (40H-7FH).
Sustain Pedal Setting Value Table: Maps values for Off (00H), continuous, and Full (7FH) sustain.
-64 - 0 - +63 Setting Value Table: Maps values for parameters with a range from -64 (00H) to +63 (7FH), with 0 at 40H.
Pan Setting Value Table: Maps values for Left (00H), Center (40H), and Right (7FH) pan positions.
Fine Tuning Setting Value Table: Provides detailed hexadecimal and Hertz values for fine tuning, ranging from 415.5 Hz to 465.9 Hz.
Reverb Type Setting Value Table: Lists various reverb types (Small Room, Medium Room, Large Room, Medium Hall, Large Hall, Plate, Delay, Pan Delay, Church, Cathedral, Off, Tone) and their corresponding hexadecimal values.
Chorus Type Setting Value Table: Lists various chorus types (Chorus1-4, FB Chorus, Flanger1-4, Deep Chorus, Tone) and their corresponding hexadecimal values.
Delay Type Setting Value Table: Lists various delay types (Short1-2, Echo, Tempo Sync Short/Middle/Long, Ambience, Middle1-2, Long1-2, Middle Pan, Long Pan1-3, Tone) and their corresponding hexadecimal values.

V. MIDI Implementation Notation

Hexadecimal Notation: Values are indicated by "H" after the value (e.g., 00H). Decimal equivalents for 0-127 are provided.
Binary Notation: Values are indicated by "B" after the value (e.g., 00000000B). Binary equivalents for 0-127 are provided.

Usage Features:

Flexible MIDI Control: The instrument offers extensive control over its sound engine via standard MIDI messages, allowing integration with other MIDI devices and software.
Timbre Type Specific Operation: Sound source behavior adapts to the selected Timbre Type (Melody, Piano, LMPiano, Drum), optimizing performance characteristics for different sounds.
Part-Specific Control: MIDI messages can control individual instrument parts, enabling complex arrangements and layering.
Real-time Performance Control: Modulation wheel, pitch bend, and various control changes allow for dynamic real-time manipulation of sound.
System Exclusive Messages: Provides deep control over master settings, effects, and other instrument-specific parameters.

Maintenance Features:

MIDI Settings: The instrument's MIDI settings, including channel numbers, are configurable via the User's Guide, allowing for customization and troubleshooting.
Message Send/Receive Control: Global and instrument-specific system exclusive messages can control MIDI message flow, aiding in managing complex setups.

Important Technical Specifications:

MIDI Channels: Supports 16 MIDI channels for receive and transmit (for A group parts 1-5, 1-16 for others). C group channels (33-48) are receive-only for external messages.
Total Parts: 48 instrument parts, organized into A, B, and C groups.
Control Change Support: Implements a wide array of control change messages (00H-7FH) for detailed parameter adjustment.
System Exclusive Support: Universal Real Time, Universal Non Real Time, and CASIO General System Exclusive messages are supported for advanced control.
Value Ranges: Most parameters use 7-bit MIDI values (0-127), with some using MSB/LSB for higher resolution.
Hexadecimal and Binary Notation: Standard MIDI data representation is used for clarity in documentation.