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Defines the manual's purpose: providing information on X-shooter's technical characteristics, performance, observing, calibration, and data reduction.
Provides a concise overview of X-shooter's capabilities, spectral range, resolution, and consortium members.
Lists key sections for proposal preparation, including spectral format, resolution, IFU, limiting magnitudes, observing modes, strategy, and overheads.
Provides a glossary of abbreviations and acronyms used throughout the document for concise reference.
Lists related documents such as calibration plans, technical notes, and articles for further information.
Lists publications to cite when using XSHOOTER data and acknowledges contributions.
Provides contact email addresses for instrument-related and phase1/2 questions.
Highlights recent updates and changes to the instrument's availability and features.
Describes the instrument's layout, consisting of the backbone and three spectrograph arms (UVB, VIS, NIR).
Details the various sub-systems encountered along the optical path, from telescope to detectors.
Describes the backbone component, including pre-slit optics, calibration unit, and A&G camera.
Explains the A&G slide's function in directing light for acquisition, imaging, or spectroscopic observation.
Details the Integral Field Unit (IFU) operation, which re-images a field into a pseudo slit.
Describes the A&G camera, its filters, CCD characteristics, and limiting magnitudes for acquisition.
Explains the function of dichroic beam splitters in dividing light among the three spectrograph arms.
Describes tip-tilt mirrors used for correcting flexure and atmospheric differential refraction.
Details focal reducers and ADCs in UVB/VIS arms, noting ADCs are disabled.
Discusses ADC failures, their disabling, and observations without ADCs.
Illustrates the effect of atmospheric dispersion on spectra in UVB, VIS, and NIR arms without ADC correction.
Compares ADC efficiency at different slit positions and airmasses.
Compares observation efficiencies with and without ADCs for different slit angles.
Summarizes and provides detailed measurements of observation efficiency without ADCs under varying conditions.
Evaluates observation efficiency without ADCs based on airmass, slit angle, and tracking wavelength.
Compares observation efficiencies across different airmasses and slit angles.
Provides a plot showing airmass limits depending on target declination for observation planning.
Presents the Quantum Efficiency (QE) curves for the UVB and VIS detectors.
Describes the UVB spectrograph, including its slit carriage, optical layout, and detector.
Details the UVB spectrograph's slit carriage, mechanism, and available slit masks.
Illustrates and explains the optical path within the UVB spectrograph.
Describes the UVB detector (E2V CCD44-82), its operating temperature, and readout modes.
Describes the VIS spectrograph, including its slit carriage, optical layout, and detector.
Details the VIS spectrograph's slit carriage and available slit masks.
Illustrates and explains the optical path within the VIS spectrograph.
Describes the VIS detector (MIT/LL CCID-20), its operating temperature, and readout modes.
Describes the NIR spectrograph, its cryogenic operation, pre-slit optics, and slit wheels.
Details the pre-slit optics and vacuum window for the NIR spectrograph.
Describes the NIR spectrograph slit wheel, available slits, and the K-band blocking filter.
Compares background levels for slits with and without K-band blocking filters.
Illustrates and explains the optical path within the NIR spectrograph.
Describes the NIR detector (Hawaii 2RG), its operation, and readout modes.
Covers spectral format, resolution as a function of slit width, and overall instrument sensitivity.
Details spectral ranges, order curvature, slit projection, and inter-order spacing.
Presents spectral resolution (R) and pixel sampling as a function of slit width for each arm.
Provides limiting AB magnitudes at blaze in 1 hour for S/N=10, considering various parameters.
Discusses instrument features and known issues affecting observations.
Explains the sequential readout of UVB/VIS detectors sharing a controller, causing dead time.
Discusses atmospheric dispersion effects, especially with disabled ADCs in SLIT and IFU modes.
Addresses significant remnants in the NIR arm from thermal background and sky lines after long DITs.
Explains spurious reflections from dichroics producing ghost spectra in UVB, VIS, and NIR arms.
Highlights difficulties in inter-order background subtraction, recommending against 2x2 binning.
Discusses leaks in K-band blocking filters and low-level interferences visible in reddest parts.
Addresses cross-talk and electrical ghosts in the NIR detector, common in infrared detectors.
Covers backbone flexures, spectrograph flexures, and radial velocity accuracy.
Describes flux decrease in the 11th NIR order due to mask design, affecting performances.
Details pick-up noise in the VIS detector, comparable to UVES CCD, recommending slow readout for faint targets.
Mentions faint parasitic reflections from IFU mirror edges visible in NIR images.
Discusses intermittent ADC initialization problems and their disabling since August 2012.
Reports a drift in acquisition reference positions, monitored and rectified, potentially causing flux losses.
Describes CCD temperature oscillations affecting dark current and image sampling frequency.
Introduces the three observing modes: SLIT spectroscopy, IFU spectroscopy, and imaging.
Details the target acquisition process for SLIT and IFU modes.
Outlines the main steps of a typical acquisition sequence, including flexure correction and centering.
Recommends blind offsets for faint targets and explains offset computation and accuracy.
Provides examples of OB preparation and acquisition using p2pp3.
Illustrates direct acquisition steps within the p2pp3 interface.
Demonstrates blind offset acquisition steps and parameter settings.
Provides guidelines for spectroscopic observations, including strategies and important remarks.
Offers general remarks on observing strategies: staring, nodding, and offsetting.
Describes common observing strategies like staring, nodding, and offsetting for different object types.
Discusses atmospheric dispersion effects and recommendations for IFU mode with disabled ADCs.
Specifies allowed DIT values for NIR observations in service mode to avoid daytime calibrations.
Explains the STARE mode, where spectra are taken independently at a fixed position.
Describes synchronized STARE mode for parallel exposures across three arms.
Details the NODDING mode for sky subtraction, involving telescope movements along the slit.
Recommends Fixed Offset mode for extended objects requiring sky subtraction.
Describes the flexible Generic Offset template for mapping and custom offset sequences.
Introduces new mapping templates for SLIT and IFU modes allowing custom offset patterns.
Provides basic information for observation strategy, including instrument setup and mode selection.
Summarizes instrument setup options for SLIT, IFU, and IMAGING modes.
Offers guidance on choosing observation strategies based on object type and seeing conditions.
Explains the importance of telluric standard stars for atmospheric absorption correction.
Warns about observing excessively bright objects and discusses limiting magnitudes.
Details how to minimize overheads by optimizing exposure and readout times for UVB/VIS arms.
Provides a summary table of telescope and instrument overheads for acquisition and observations.
Explains how to compute execution times and minimize overheads by optimizing exposure parameters.
Describes how the p2pp algorithm accounts for exposure times, readout, acquisition, and instrument setups.
Presents the X-shooter calibration plan, including frequency and purpose for various frame types.
Explains wavelength and spatial scale calibration using pinhole masks and ThAr lamps.
Details flatfielding and wavelength calibration procedures using halogen and deuterium lamps.
Describes the procedure for requesting and obtaining spectroscopic skyflats.
Explains how to include arc and flat calibrations within an observing OB, with caveats.
Covers spectrophotometric calibration using standard stars for absolute flux calibration.
Discusses telluric absorption correction using standard stars and templates.
Explains absolute flux calibration using spectrophotometric standard stars.
Introduces the X-shooter pipeline, its features, and availability for data reduction.
Provides examples of successful observations conducted with X-shooter.
Answers common questions regarding instrument health, AG CCD usage, and specific observing modes.
Lists and describes X-shooter templates, including free and fixed parameters for P2PP.
Explains astronomical offset conventions, position angle (PA), and coordinate systems (X,Y).
Illustrates examples of setting position angles and performing offsets in acquisition templates.
Demonstrates how to specify position angles (+45, -45 degrees) in acquisition templates.
Shows examples of positive offsets in x and y directions with different position angles.
Lists slit and IFU acquisition templates with user-defined and fixed parameters.
Details keywords for SLIT acquisition templates, including target parameters and filter selection.
Introduces new templates for additional flexure compensation during long OBs.
Lists science templates for slit observations, including stare mode parameters.
Details parameters for SLIT stare mode observations.
Lists parameters for IFU observations in stare and synchronized stare modes.
Covers night-time calibration templates, including spectro-photometric and telluric standards.
Details templates for observing spectro-photometric standards in stare mode.
Lists keywords for telluric standard star templates, including nod and offset variations.
Describes templates for wavelength calibration using multi-pinhole arc lamps.
Lists daytime calibration templates for arc lamp calibrations.
Details keywords for slit and IFU arc lamp calibration templates.
Provides approved template combinations and descriptions for imaging mode.
Lists approved template combinations for VM and SM imaging observations.
Describes nighttime imaging acquisition templates, including blind offset capability.
Describes a special template for taking imaging skyflats, combinable with skyflats template.
Provides a full description of the UVB slit masks, including size and purpose.
Provides a full description of the VIS slit masks, including size and purpose.
General