D
D
I
I
S
S
H
H
W
W
A
A
S
S
H
H
E
E
R
R
D
D
E
E
T
T
E
E
R
R
G
G
E
E
N
N
T
T
I
I
N
N
G
G
R
R
E
E
D
D
I
I
E
E
N
N
T
T
S
S
D
D
I
I
F
F
F
F
E
E
R
R
E
E
N
N
C
C
E
E
S
S
B
B
E
E
T
T
W
W
E
E
E
E
N
N
T
T
H
H
E
E
O
O
L
L
D
D
A
A
N
N
D
D
N
N
E
E
W
W
G
G
E
E
N
N
E
E
R
R
A
A
T
T
I
I
O
O
N
N
D
D
E
E
T
T
E
E
R
R
G
G
E
E
N
N
T
T
S
S
The following table shows the difference between the old and new generation detergents
A
A
B
B
O
O
U
U
T
T
T
T
H
H
E
E
D
D
E
E
T
T
E
E
R
R
G
G
E
E
N
N
T
T
I
I
N
N
G
G
R
R
E
E
D
D
I
I
E
E
N
N
T
T
S
S
Alkalies
The alkalinity of detergent is very important for the removal of fat residues from dishes. To obtain
an alkaline solution the detergent formulations contain silicate and soda. In the old generation
detergents many contained metasilicates which are very alkaline and why it was corrosive. The new
generation detergents contain disilicates and soda.
The silicates soak the food remains on dishes. Silicates are able to transfer a negative charge onto
food soils as well as the dishware, which leads to repulsion of food residues because of equal
charges.
Soda is added to detergents because it precipitates water hardness ions ie Ca
2+
and Mg
2+
, making the
water softer for the detergent.
Builders
Phosphates are important because the emulsify fats and oils ie break up fats and oils into smaller
globules so they remain in suspension and have the ability to hold soils in suspension. Phosphates are
able to convert water hardness ions into soluble complexes. The higher the phosphate contents the
better the ability for the detergent to bind with the water hardness ions, making it able to work
effectively.
Polycarboxylates are polymers, which disperse developing lime scale crystals, and prevents the
coagulation of visible crystals. Polycarboxylates help the phosphate by binding onto the water
hardness ions and ensuring the phosphates are available for cleaning.
Citrates are in the form of citric acid crystals, which bind with the Calcium ions therefore reducing
water hardness.
Dishwashing
Automatic Dishwashing Detergents - Composition
Alkalies
Builder
Bleach (..+Activator)
Biosubstances
Wetting Agents
Auxiliaries
pH value; 1% solution
Composition of ADWD
“old” generation (traditional)
“corrosive”
“new” generation
“non corrosive”
Silver Corrosion Inhibitor-----------------------
Non ionic surfactantsNon ionic surfactants
9-1112-13
---------------------- Enzymes
Active chlorine Active Oxygen; Activator (TAED)
Phosphate Citrate, Polycarboxylate; Phosphate
Metasilicate, Soda
Disilicate, Soda
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