Latent-image formation stage
During the steps that comprise this stage, a latent image is formed by applying a negative charge to the 
photosensitive drum. You cannot see this image on the drum.
Step 1: primary charging
A high-voltage DC bias is applied to the primary charging roller, which is made of conductive rubber and is in 
contact with the drum surface. As the roller moves across the drum, it applies the negative charge to that 
surface.
Figure 1-11  Primary charging