INTRODUCTION
Explanation of Terms
Abbreviations, Standards and Others
• API = American Petroleum Institute
• ASTM = American Society for Testing and Materials
• JIS = Japanese Industrial Standards
• MIL = Military Specifications and Standards (U.S.)
• MSDS = Material Safety Data Sheet
• SAE = Society of Automotive Engineers (U.S.)
• LLC = Long Life Coolant
Units of Measurement
Measurements are based on the International System of Units (SI), and they are converted to the metric sys-
tem units in this manual based on the following conversion rates.
• Pressure: 1 MPa = 10.197 kgf/cm
2
• Torque: 1 N⋅m = 0.10197 kgf⋅m
• Force: 1 N = 0.10197 kgf
• Horsepower: 1 kW = 1.341 HP = 1.3596 PS
• Meter of mercury: 1 kPa = 0.7 cmHg
• Meter of water: 1 kPa = 10.197 cmH
2O (cmAq)
• Engine speed: 1 min
-1
= 1 rpm
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