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C. Brakes
There are three general types of bicycle brakes: rim brakes, which operate by squeezing the wheel rim between
two brake pads; disc brakes, which operate by squeezing a hub-mounted disc between two brake pads; and
internal hub brakes. All three can be operated by way of a handlebar mounted lever. On some models of bicycle,
the internal hub brake is operated by pedaling backwards. This is called a Coaster Brake and is described in
Appendix C.
WARNING:
1. Riding with improperly adjusted brakes, worn brake pads, or wheels on which the rim wear mark
is visible is dangerous and can result in serious injury or death.
2. Applying brakes too hard or too suddenly can lock up a wheel, which could cause you to lose control and
fall. Sudden or excessive application of the front brake may pitch the rider over the handlebars, which may
result in serious injury or death.
3. Some bicycle brakes, such as disc brakes (fig. 11) and linear-pull brakes (fig. 12), are extremely powerful.
Take extra care in becoming familiar with these brakes and exercise particular care when using them.
4. Some bicycle brakes are equipped with a brake force modulator, a small, cylindrical device through
which the brake control cable runs and which is designed to provide a more progressive application of
braking force. A modulator makes the initial brake lever force more gentle, progressively increasing
force until full force is achieved. If your bike is equipped with a brake force modulator, take extra care in
becoming familiar with its performance characteristics.
5. Disc brakes can get extremely hot with extended use. Be careful not to touch a disc brake until it has had
plenty of time to cool.
6. See the brake manufacturer’s instructions for operation and care of your brakes, and for when brake
pads must be replaced. If you do not have the manufacturer’s instructions, see your dealer or contact the
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