Bokeh – often mispronounced “bow-kay” or “bow-kuh” it is correctly
pronounced as “bo-ke” like the ke in kettle. It is used to described the
out of focus blurred bits in the background when “fast glass” is used.
Most often bokeh occurs where small light sources are in the
background, far in the distance.
Depth of Field (DOF or DoF)- the distance between the nearest and
farthest objects in your scene that appear in focus. It is controlled by
many factors including the aperture, lens focal length, distance to
subject.
Circles of confusion – closely related to the above bokeh, the textbook
definition is: the largest blur spot that is indistinguishable from the point
source that is being rendered. Objects outside the depth of field of an
image that the human eye can determine as “out of focus”.
Hyperfocal distance – often used by landscape photographers, it is the
focus distance providing the maximum amount of depth of field.
Gobo – something used to block unwanted or stray light from falling
onto the subject. Often a reflector (using the black side) can serve a dual
purpose and act as a gobo as well.
Scrim – a translucent device used to diffuse and soften the light, could
be a reflector with a translucent panel or option. Also, used on movie
sets scrims can be made extremely large, several feet across, and
clamped in place to create shade where these is direct sun without it.
Shutter lag – the slight delay from the time you press the shutter button
to the time it fires and opens.
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