Yamaha CS-5 User Manual

number
of
vibrations,
such
as 2-fold,
3-fold,
and so
oil. It
is seen
that
the
waveform
will
gradually come
to
resemble
a saVk-tooth
waveform,
in
addition
to this,
it
is apparent
that
this
sawtooth
waveform
has
a
cycle
similar
to that
of the
sine wave
that
has been
used
as the
basis. The
sine
wave
with
the basic
cycle
is
referred
to
as the
fundamental
and
the sine
waves
of
harmonic
overtones
as the harmonics.
In
the
case of
musical
instruments,
the
way in
which
harmonics
are
contained
in
sounds
will depend
on
the
arrangement
by
which
sounds
are generated.
When
we
discuss the
difference
in tones
(waveforms),
it
is
the same
as dis-
cussing
what
kind
of
harmonics
the
sounds
contain.
Accordingly,
one
can
express
the three
elements
of
sound
in
another
manner, that
is,
as
1)
pitch.
2)
the
manner
in
which
harmonics
are contained
(harmonic
structure)
and
3)
volume.
SfiWTOOTH
WAVE
leve\
Ampl;tu<je
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2-f
3^
A
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STRUCTURE
OF
THE
SYNTH
ESIZEft
In
the
synthesizer,
sounds
are
synthesized
by
electronically
effecting
control
on
the four
properties
of
sound (the
three
elements
of
sound
plus the
envelope),
dividing
it
into 4 blocks.
Control
of pitch
is effected
by
the VCO.
that of
harmonic
spectrum
by the VCF,
that
of
volume
by
the VCA
and
that of
envelope
by the EG
(envelope
generator).
The
following
describes
the
functions
of
each block.
Chanae of
uratreforfft
o
Change
o{
hctrmorlics.
f
o
T
o
Cutotf
'
him«ii'5
'^
-fc
In
addition
to adjusting
the cut-off
frequency
by
means
of
a
knob,
the tone
is caused
to undergo
a
temporal
change
(from
the time
the sound
is
generated
to the
time
it
ceases) to
give it
an "enve-
lope". This
is
accomplished
by effecting
control on
the
filter's
cut-off frequencies
by
means of
the
envelope
generator.
VCA
The VCA
block
adds an "envelope"
to
the volume.
The
process
starting
from the
generation
of the sound
up
to the
point the
sound
gradually fades
away
is
governed
by the envelope
generator's
ATTACK
TIME,
DECAY
TIME,
SUSTAIN
LEVEL,
RELEASE
TIME
(A.D.S.R.),
changing
the
amplification
degree of
the
VCA
amplifier.
VCA
and
Ewe\oae
V^f\ Oatput
V
It
•
VCO
The VCO
block
produces
sound
sources of
fre-
quencies
corresponding
to
the intervals
of the key-
board.
The
sound
source
waveforms
produced"
by the
VCO
are
sawtooth
waves
and
square
waves
that
include
many
harmonics
in
a
regular
manner.
These
waves
are
oscillated,
using an electronic
circuit.
•
VCF
The VCF
block
determines
the tone,
changing the
harmonic
spectrum
of the
sound
sources
by cutting,
or
emphasizing,
certain
parts
of
the
harmonics
by
passing
the
sound sources
through filters.
The
boundary
between
the
portion that
passes through
(he filter and
the portion that
is cut off
is
known
as
the
cut-off
frequency.
The VCF
creates the
charac-
teristic
harmonic
spectrum, by
varying the cut-off
frequency.
The
signals from
the VCO
reach
the
VCF where
they undergo
a
change with
regard
to their
harmonic
spectrum
by being
passed
through
a
filter.
The
sig-
nals, now
containing
certain
tone
characteristics,
are
given
a
volume
"envelope"
at the VCA
and
then fed
out. In
this
way,
all elements
of
the
properties
of
sound are
controlled
electronically,
by
utilizing
the
three elements
of sound
and the
"envelope."
The
synthesizer
has,
in
addition
to the
blocks
described
above,
other
blocks
such
as the LEO
which
permit
further
changes
in the
sounds.
But
in this
case too,
the
job is
performed
by controlling
the
three
ele-
ments
of
sound and
the envelope.
We
hope that
the
points described
in this
section
may be helpful to
understand
the
immense possibili-
ties and great
pleasure awaiting
you on
a path that
will lead
you into
a
new
world
of
music using
a
totally new
musical
instrument,
the
synthesizer.
©

Yamaha CS-5 Specifications

General

Brand	Yamaha
Model	CS-5
Category	Synthesizer
Language	English