6
Figure 3. Cross-Sectional View of Membrane Element
1.1.6. CIP
The abbreviation for clean-in-place.
1.1.7. Average Pressure [P
AVG
]
1.1.8. Concentration
Concentration equals the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) concentration of a solution
expressed as parts per million (ppm) or conductivity (microSiemens/cm).
C
f
= Feed Concentration
C
p
= Permeate Concentration
C
c
= Concentrate Concentration
C
avg
= Average Concentration in Machine
1.1.9. Salt (Ionic) Passage
The percent of dissolved salts passed through the membrane or 100% minus
rejection.
1.1.10. Recovery
Permeate rate divided by feed rate, expressed as a percentage. For example, 33%
recovery means that out of a given feed rate, 33% is produced as purified water
(permeate).
1.1.11. Salt (Ionic) Rejection
The percent of dissolved salt rejected by the membrane, calculated from an average
concentration over the membrane.
2
PP
FinalPrimary
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