7.4.10 Time Synchronisation 442
7.4.11 Power and Energy Measurement Data Formats 443
7.4.12 MODBUS Configuration 444
7.5 IEC 61850 445
7.5.1 Benefits of IEC 61850 445
7.5.2 IEC 61850 Interoperability 446
7.5.3 The IEC 61850 Data Model 446
7.5.4 IEC 61850 in MiCOM IEDs 447
7.5.5 IEC 61850 Data Model Implementation 447
7.5.6 IEC 61850 Communication Services Implementation 447
7.5.7 IEC 61850 Peer-to-peer (GOOSE) communications 448
7.5.8 Mapping GOOSE Messages to Virtual Inputs 448
7.5.9 Ethernet Functionality 448
7.5.10 IEC 61850 Configuration 448
8 Read Only Mode 450
8.1 IEC 60870-5-103 Protocol Blocking 450
8.2 Courier Protocol Blocking 450
8.3 IEC 61850 Protocol Blocking 451
8.4 Read-Only Settings 451
8.5 Read-Only DDB Signals 451
9 Time Synchronisation 452
9.1 Demodulated IRIG-B 452
9.1.1 IRIG-B Implementation 453
9.2 SNTP 453
9.2.1 Loss of SNTP Server Signal Alarm 453
9.3 IEEE 1588 Precision time Protocol 453
9.3.1 Accuracy and Delay Calculation 453
9.3.2 PTP Domains 454
9.4 Time Synchronsiation using the Communication Protocols 454
Chapter 19 Cyber-Security 455
1 Overview 457
2 The Need for Cyber-Security 458
3 Standards 459
3.1 NERC Compliance 459
3.1.1 CIP 002 460
3.1.2 CIP 003 460
3.1.3 CIP 004 460
3.1.4 CIP 005 460
3.1.5 CIP 006 460
3.1.6 CIP 007 461
3.1.7 CIP 008 461
3.1.8 CIP 009 461
3.2 IEEE 1686-2007 461
4 Cyber-Security Implementation 463
4.1 NERC-Compliant Display 463
4.2 Four-level Access 464
4.2.1 Blank Passwords 465
4.2.2 Password Rules 465
4.2.3 Access Level DDBs 466
4.3 Enhanced Password Security 466
4.3.1 Password Strengthening 466
4.3.2 Password Validation 466
4.3.3 Password Blocking 467
4.4 Password Recovery 468
4.4.1 Password Recovery 468
4.4.2 Password Encryption 469
P14x Contents
P14xEd1-TM-EN-1 xiii
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