1. Where does channel utilization come from?
First, Wi-Fi client’s data transmission will occupy channel. The larger the data packet to be sent, the longer
the time that the sender occupies the channel. Also, the slower the transmission rate is, the longer the time
that the sender occupies the channel.
When the client is away from the AP, for example on the edge of the cellular coverage, the data negotiation
rate drops to a lower value in order to compensate for the degradation of the signal strength. Although, this
helps to improve the reliability of packet delivery, at the same time, it reduces the throughput of the device
and results in an extra air time consumption, which cuts the air time that can be used for higher speed
device transmission.
Therefore, if you want to improve channel utilization, effort of establishing a high data connection rate
between the client and the AP is important.
Secondly, as the demand for high capacity wireless network, high density usage of APs and client devices
causes more same-frequency interference and adjacent-channel interference. The channel utilization of
this channel will also increase.
• Co-channel interference
When an AP is deployed on a particular channel, this AP will compete for the usage of the channel with all
other Wi-Fi devices on the same channel within its radio range. However, Co-channel interference is
relatively manageable compared to adjacent-frequency interference.
APs on the same channel can "hear" each other's signals and will have to compete for transmitting on the
channel. This limits the throughput that each AP can provide. What we need to do is to lower the signal
impact between APs with a reasonable planning so that they do not affect the AP's Clear Channel
Assessment (CCA) process
• Adjacent frequency interference
The neighbor channels on the 2.4GHz spectrum overlap with each other, and the adjacent channel
interference on the 2.4GHz spectrum is particularly serious. The transmission of data on channel CH1 is
unreadable for the adjacent channel CH4, which is equivalent to garbled (noise), and this will increase the
background noise of CH4.
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