Calibration
Considerations .
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
6-65
Measurement
Parameters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
6-65
Device
Measurements .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
6-65
Omitting
Isolation Calibration
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
. 6-65
Saving
Calibration Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
6-65
The
Calibration Standards
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
6-66
Frequency
Response
of
Calibration
Standards
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
. 6-66
Electrical
Oset
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-67
Fringe
Capacitance
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-67
How
Eective
Is
A
ccuracy
Enhancement?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
6-69
Correcting
for
Measurement
Errors
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
6-71
Ensuring
a
V
alid
Calibration
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-71
Interpolated
Error-correction
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-72
The
Calibrate
Menu
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-73
Response
Calibration
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-73
Response
and
Isolation
Calibration
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
6-73
S
11
and
S
22
One-P
ort
Calibration
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
6-73
Full
Two-P
ort
Calibration
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-73
TRL*/LRM*
Two-P
ort
Calibration
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-74
Restarting
a
Calibration
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-75
Cal
Kit
Menu
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-75
The
Select
Cal
Kit
Menu
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-75
Modifying
Calibration
Kits
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-76
Denitions
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
. 6-76
Procedure
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
6-76
Modify
Calibration
Kit
Menu
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-77
Dene
Standard
Menus
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-78
Specify Oset
Menu
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
6-80
Label
Standard Menu
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
6-81
Specify
Class Menu
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
6-81
Label
Class Menu
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
6-83
Label
Kit Menu
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
6-83
V
erify performance
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
6-84
TRL*/LRM*
Calibration
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
6-85
Why
Use
TRL
Calibration?
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
6-85
TRL
T
erminology
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-85
How
TRL*/LRM*
Calibration
W
orks
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
6-86
TRL*
Error
Model
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
6-86
Isolation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6-87
Source
match
and
load
match
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
6-88
Improving Raw Source Match and Load Match F
or TRL*/LRM*
Calibration ..
6-88
The TRL Calibration Procedure . . . . . . .
.... .... . .... ...
6-90
Requirements for TRL Standards
.... ....
.... .... .. ...
6-90
Fabricating and dening calibration standards for TRL/LRM
.....
...
6-91
TRLOptions. .... .... .. .... .... .
.... .... .. .
6-93
Power Meter Calibration
.... .... .. .... .... .
........
6-95
Primary Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
......
6-95
Calibrated P
ower Level
.....................
.... .
6-95
Compatible Sweep Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-95
Loss of Power Meter Calibration Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-96
Interpolation in Power Meter Calibration . ... .... .... .... .. 6-96
Power Meter Calibration Modes of Operation .. .... .... .... .. 6-96
Continuous Sample Mode (Each Sweep) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-96
Sample-and-Sweep Mode (One Sweep) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-97
Power Loss Correction List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-98
Contents-9