Note: All the above fuels can ONLY be used if the
sulfur level meets the specifications that are listed in
tables 25 and 26 . An analysis of a sample of fuel
must be conducted in order to check the sulfur level.
Note: These fuels are only acceptable provided that
these fuels are used with an appropriate fuel additive.
These fuels must meet the requirements that are
stated in tables 24 , 25 and 26 . Fuel samples should
be analyzed for the compliance. These fuels MUST
NOT exceed lubricity wear scar diameter of 0.46 mm
(0.0181 inch). The fuel lubricity test must be
performed on a HFRR, operated at 60 °C (140 °F).
Refer to “ISO 12156-1 ”. Fuels must have minimum
viscosity of 1.4 centistokes that is delivered to the
fuel injection pump. Fuel cooling may be required in
order to maintain minimum viscosity of 1.4
centistokes that is delivered to the fuel injection
pump.
Group 4 Biodiesel
Biodiesel is a fuel that can be defined as mono-alkyl
esters of fatty acids. Biodiesel is a fuel that can be
made from a variety of feedstock. The most
commonly available biodiesel in europe is Rape
Methyl Ester (REM). This biodiesel is derived from
rapeseed oil. Soy Methyl Ester (SME) is the most
common biodiesel in the United States. This
biodiesel is derived from soybean oil. Soybean oil or
rapeseed oil are the primary feedstocks. These fuels
are together known as Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
(FAME).
Raw pressed vegetable oils are NOT acceptable for
use as a fuel in any concentration in compression
engines. Without esterification, these oils gel in the
crankcase and the fuel tank. These fuels may not be
compatible with many of the elastomers that are used
in engines that are manufactured today. In original
forms, these oils are not suitable for use as a fuel in
compression engines. Alternate base stocks for
biodiesel may include animal tallow, waste cooking
oils, or a variety of other feedstocks. In order to use
any of the products that are listed as fuel, the oil must
be esterified.
Note: Engines that are manufactured by Perkins are
certified by use of the prescribed Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) and European Certification
fuels. Perkins does not certify engines on any other
fuel. The user of the engine has the responsibility of
using the correct fuel that is recommended by the
manufacturer and allowed by the EPA and other
appropriate regulatory agencies.
Recommendation for the use of biodiesel
The neat biodiesel must conform to “EN14214” or
“ASTM D675” regulations. A maximum of 10%
mixture of biodiesel can be used in mineral diesel
fuel. The mineral diesel fuel must conform to
“EN590”, “ASTM D975” or “BS2869 Grade A2”
regulations.
In North America, biodiesel and mixtures of biodiesel
must be purchased from the BQ9000 authorized
manufacturers and BQ9000 certified distributors.
In other areas of the world, the use of biodiesel that is
authorized and certified by an appropriate biodiesel
quality body is required.
Note: When biodiesel, or any blend of biodiesel is
used, the user has the responsibility for obtaining the
proper local exemptions, regional exemptions, and/or
national exemptions that are required for the use of
biodiesel in any Perkins engine that is regulated by
emissions standards. Biodiesel that meets
“EN14214” is acceptable. The biodiesel must be
blended with an acceptable distillate diesel fuel at the
maximum stated percentages. However, the
following operational recommendations must be
followed:
• The oil change interval can be affected by the use
of biodiesel. Use Services Oil Analysis in order to
monitor the condition of the engine oil. Use
Services Oil Analysis also in order to determine
the oil change interval that is optimum.
• Confirm that biodiesel is acceptable for use with
the manufacturer of the fuel filters.
• In a comparison of distillate fuels to biodiesel,
biodiesel provides less energy per gallon by 5% to
7%. Do NOT change the engine rating in order to
compensate for the power loss. This will help
avoid engine problems when the engine is
converted back to 100 percent distillate diesel fuel.
• The compatibility of the elastomers with biodiesel
is being monitored. The condition of seals and
hoses should be monitored regularly.
• Biodiesel may pose low ambient temperature
problems for both storage and operation. At low
ambient temperatures, fuel may need to be stored
in a heated building or a heated storage tank. The
fuel system may require heated fuel lines, filters,
and tanks. Filters may plug and fuel in the tank
may solidify at low ambient temperatures if
precautions are not taken. Consult your biodiesel
supplier for assistance in the blending and
attainment of the proper cloud point for the fuel.
• Biodiesel has poor oxidation stability, which can
result in long term problems in the storage of
biodiesel. The poor oxidation stability may
accelerate fuel oxidation in the fuel system. This is
especially true in engines with electronic fuel
systems because these engines operate at higher
temperatures. Consult the fuel supplier for
oxidation stability additives.
48
SEBU8311-09
Maintenance Section
Fuel Specification
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