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APPENDIX 3
EXCERPTS
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Excerpts from AC 90-48C; Pilot's Role in Collision
Avoidance.
1. PURPOSE. This advisory circular is
issued for the purpose of alerting all
pilots to the potential hazards of
midair collision and near midair
collision, and to emphasize those basic
problem areas related to the human
causal factors where improvements in
pilot education, operating practices,
procedures, and improved scanning
techniques are needed to reduce midair
conflicts.
• • • •
4. ACTION. The following areas warrant
special attention and continuing action
on the part of all pilots to avoid the
possibility of becoming involved in a
midair conflict.
a. "See and Avoid" Concept.
(1) The flight rules prescribed in
Part 91 of the Federal Aviation
Regulations (FAR) set forth the concept
of "See and Avoid." This concept
requires that vigilance shall be
maintained at all times, by each person
operating an aircraft, regardless of
whether the operation is conducted under
Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) or Visual
Flight Rules (VFR).
(2) Pilots should also keep in mind
their responsibility for continuously
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