3
1. Introduction 4
2. Electrochemical principles 4
3. Evolion construction 5
Contents
3.1 Module characteristics
3.2 Interface features 7
3.3 Main functional features 8
3.4 Front cover features 8
4.1 Application summary
4.2 The electronic switch (mosfets) 10
4.3 Operating modes 11
4.4 Internal electronic load 11
4.5 Internal heater 12
4.6 Cell balancing 12
4.7 System level and cell level current interrupt devices 12
4.8 Safety limits during operation 13
4.9 Module self test during startup 14
4. Evolion operation 9
5. Cell and module voltages 15
6. Internal resistance 16
7. Discharging 16
5.1 Normal operating voltage limits
5.2 Cell self discharge 15
5.3 Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) as a function of State of Charge (SoC) 15
7.1 Discharge performance factors
7.2 Maximum discharge current 18
7.3 Low voltage disconnect 18
8. Charging 19
8.1 Maximum re-charge current (IMR)
8.2 Power system set points 21
8.3 Re-charge time 21
8.4 Heat sink dissipation in charge regulated mode 22
9. Gassing and ventilation 22
9.1 Cell venting in operation
9.2 The probability of an internal short 23
9.3 Released gas characteristics 23
10. Service life 23
11. Communication 26
12. Black box 26
13. Special operations 27
13.1 Massive paralleling
13.2 Thermal characteristics in cycling 28
13.3 Adding modules to existing bus 29
14. Abusive operations 30
15. Battery sizing 30
15.1 Autonomy sizing
Appendix A: Part number reference 32
Appendix B: Glossary 32
Appendix C: Performance rate tables 33
Appendix D: Derating factors for sizing 33
Appendix E: Alarms and troubleshooting 36
Appendix F: BMST versions 42
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