Sheffield PLA0532 - Additional Bread Ingredients; Yeast and Salt; Eggs, Fats, and Leavening Agents

Usually white sugar is used, however brown sugar, powder sugar or cotton sugar may be
used for special purposes.
8. Yeast
The purpose of yeast is to ferment dough by producing carbon dioxide that expands the
bread and then softens inner fiber texture, however fast breeding of yeast needs
carbohydrate in sugar and flour as nutriment. Usually there are three types of yeast: fresh
yeast, active dry yeast and instant yeast. Instant yeast is used more frequently, traditional
active dry yeast may be used to obtain a better fermentation effect, but instant yeast
operates faster than active dry yeast. Conversion relation between instant yeast and active
dry yeast is as follows:
1 tsp. active dry yeast = 3/4 tsp. instant yeast
1.5 tsp. active dry yeast = 1 tsp. instant yeast
2 tsp. active dry yeast = 1.5 tsp. instant yeast
Moreover, yeast shall be stored in refrigerator as it may be killed at high temperatures.
Before using yeast ensure that it is fresh by checking the expiration date. Store it back in
the refrigerator as soon as possible after each use. Usually bread or dough, which fails to
rise, is due to stale yeast being used.
The ways described below will check whether your yeast is fresh and active or not.
（1）Pour 1/2 cup warm water (45-50
0
C) into a measuring cup
（2）Add 1 tsp. white sugar into the cup and stir, then sprinkle 2tsp. yeast over the water.
（3）Put the measuring cup in a warm place for about 10min. Do not stir the water.
（4）The froth generated by yeast shall come up to 1-cup mark, otherwise the yeast may be
stale or inactive.
9. Salt
Salt is necessary to improve bread flavor and crust colour. But salt can also restrain yeast
from rising. Never use too much salt in a recipe. If you don't want to use salt, omit it, but
bread would be a bit larger.
10. Egg
Eggs add richness and a soft texture to bread dough and cakes.
11. Grease, butter and vegetable oil
Grease is helpful to make bread softer and prolong storage life. Butter should be melted or
chopped to small particles prior to use so that it can be stirred evenly.
12. Baking powder
Baking powder is a raising agent mainly used in making the Ultra Fast bread and cakes. It
does not require fermentation time before baking as the chemical reaction works during
baking process.
13. Soda
The same as above, it can also be used in combination with baking powder.