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Tektronix 454A User Manual

Tektronix 454A
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Ci r cui t
Descr i
p
t i on- 454zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
‘
/
R
454A
Jacob
M
i l l man
an d H
er
b
er t
Ta
u
b,
" P
ul se,
Di gi t al ,
a
n d
at t enuat o
r
.
T
h e
r
eact ance
of
t
h e ca p
aci t or s
i n
t
h e
ci r cui t
i s
Swi t c
h
i ng
W
avef or ms" ,
M
cGr aw-
H
i l l ,
N
ew
Yor
k
,
1965
.
so
h
i g
h
at
l ow
f r e
q uenci es
t h
at
t
h
ei r
ef f ect
i s
negl i gi
b
l e
.
H
owever ,
at
h
i g
h
er
f r e
q
uenci es,
t
h
e
r eact ance
of
t
he ca p
aci -
t or s
d
ecr eases
an
d
t
he at t en uat or b
ecomes
p
r i mar i l y
±
T
h
e
f ol l owi ng
ci r cui t
anal ysi s
i s
wr i t t en ar ou n
d
t
h e
d
e-
cap
aci t a
n
ce
vol t age d
i vi
d
er
.
E
ac
h
at t enuat or
cont ai ns
an
t ai l e
d
b
l oc
k d
i agr ams
w
h
i c
h
ar e
gi ven
f or eac h
ma
j
or
a
dj u
st a
b
l e
ser i es
cap
aci t or
t o
pr ovi
d
e
opt i m
u
m
r es
p
onse
f
or
ci r cui t
.
T
h
ese
d
et ai l ed
bl oc k d
i agr ams
gi ve
t
he
names
of
t
he
t
h
e
h
i g
h
- f r e
qu
ency
compone
n t s
of
t
he
si gnal
an
d
an
a d
j
ust -
i n
d
i vi
d
ual
st ages
wi t h
i n
t
he
ma
j
or
ci r c
u
i t s
an d
s
h
ow
h
ow
abl e
s
hu nt ca p
aci t or f or
o
p t i m
u
m
r es
p
onse
f or
t
he l ower -
t
h
ey
ar e
connect e
d
t oget h
er
t o
f or m
t
h
e
ma
j
or
ci r cui t
.
T
he
f r e
q
uency
component s
.
I n
a
dd
i t i on
t o p
r ovi
d
i ng
const ant
b
l oc
k d
i agr ams
al so
s
h
ow
t
h
e i n
p
ut s an d ou
t
pu
t s
f or
eac
h
at t en
u
at i on
at
al l
f r e
qu
enci es
wi t
h
i n t
h
e
b
andwi
d
t h
,
I n
p u
t
ci r c
u
i t
an d
t
he
r el at i ons
h
i
p of
t
h
e
f r ont -
p
anel
cont r ol s t o
At t en
u
at or s
ar e
d
esi gne
d
t o
mai nt ai n
t h e
same
i n
p u
t
R
C
t
he
i n
d
i vi
d
ual
st ages
.
T
h
e
ci r c
u
i t
d
i agr ams
f r om
w
h
i c
h
t
he
ch
ar act er i st i cs
( one
mego
h
m
§
15
pF)
f or eac h
set t i ng
of
d
et ai l e
d bl oc
k
d
i agr ams
ar e
d
er i ve
d ar e
s
h
own
i n
t
he
Di a-
t
h
e
C
H
1
V
O
L
TS/ DI
V
swi t c h
.
gr ams
sect i on
.
CH
A
NNEL
1
VER
TI CA
L
PRE
A
MP
I n
p
ut
Am
p
l i f i er
T
he
I n
p
u
t
Sour ce
F
ol l ower
st age
Q13A
pr ovi d
es
±
h
i g
h
Gener al
i n
p u
t
i m
p
e
d
ance
wi t
h
±
™¿É
i m
p
e d
ance
d
r i ve
f or
t
h
e
f ol l ow-
i ng
st age
.
R
8 an d
R
9
i n
t
h
e
gat e
ci r cui t
of
Q13A
est abl i s
h
I n
p ut
si g
n
al s
f or
ver t i cal
def l ect i o
n
on
t
he
C
R
T
can
b
e
t
h
e
i nput
r esi st ance
of
t
h
i s
st age
.
T
hese
r esi st or s
ar e
par t
of
con
n
ect e
d
t o
t
he
I
NPU
T CH
1
O
R
§
connect or
.
I n
t
h
e
§
-
¥
t
h
e
at t en u
at i on
net wor
k
at
al l
CH
1
VO
L
TS/ DI
V
swi t c h
mo
d e of o
p
er at i on,
t
h
i s
i
n put
si g
n
al
p
r ovi
d
es
t
h
e
h
or i zo
n
t al
p
osi t i ons
.
V
ar i a
b
l e
cap
aci t or
C9
ad
j u
st s t
he b
asi c
i n
p u
t
t i me
( X- axi s)
d
ef l ect i on
.
T
h
e
C
h
a n
nel
1
V
er t i cal
P
r eam
p
ci r cui t
const ant
f or
±
nomi nal
val
ue of
one
mego
h
m
§
15 p
F
.
R
10
p
r ovi des
cont r ol of
i n
p ut coupl i ng,
ver t i cal
d
ef l ect i o
n
f ac-
l i mi t s
t
he
c
u
r r ent
d
r i ve
t o
t
he
gat e
of
Q13A
.
Di o
d e
C
R 13
t or ,
bal ance, ve
r
t i cal
posi t i on
a
nd
ver t i cal
gai n
.
I t
al so
con-
pr ovi
d
es
ci r c
u
i t
p
r ot ect i o
n
by
l i mi t i ng
t
he
negat i ve
swi ng
at
t ai ns
±
st age
t o
pr ovi de
±
sam
p
l e
of
t h
e
C
hannel
1
i nput
t
h
e
gat e
of
Q13A
t o a bou
t
- 12
. 5
vol t s
.
si g
n
al
t o
t
he Tr i gger
P
r eamp
ci r cui t
f or
i nt er nal
t r i gger i ng
f r om
t
h
e
C
h
annel
1
si gnal
onl y
.
F
i g
.
3- 2
s
h
ows
±
det ai l e
d
bl oc
k
d
i agr am
of
t h
e
C
h
an
n
el
1
V
er t i cal
P
r eam
p
ci r cui t
.
‘
Q13
B p
r ovi
d
es
±
const ant
cur r ent
sou
r ce
f or
Q13A
.
T
h
e
sc
h
emat i c
of
t h
i s
ci r cui t
i s
s
h
own
on
d
i agr am
1
at
t
he
bac
k
ST
EP
‘ ¤¤• •
B
A
L
a
dj u
st ment ,
R
21,
var i es
t
he gat e
l evel
of
t
h
i s
manual
.
of
Q13
B t o
pr ovi de
±
zer o- vol t
l evel
at
t
he
emi t t er
of
Q34
wi t
h
no
si gnal
a
pp
l i e
d
.
W
i t
h
±
zer o- vol t
l evel
at
t
he
emi t t er
of
Q34,
t
he
p
osi t i on
of ±
zer o- vol t
r ef er ence
t r ace
wi l l
not
I n
p
ut
Cou
p
l i ng
c
h
ange
w
h
en
swi t c h
i ng
b
et ween
2
mV
/
d
i v
and
10
m
V
/
d
i v
I n
p u
t
si gnal s
connect e
d t o
t
he
I
NPU
T
CH
1
O
R §
con-
p
osi t i ons
of
t
he
CH
1
VO
L
TS/ DI
V
swi t c
h
.
nect or
can
b e
AC- co
u
p
l ed,
DC- cou
p
l e
d
or
i nt er nal l y
d
i s-
connect e
d
.
W
h
en
t
h
e
I n
p
u
t
Coupl i ng
swi t c
h
,
S1,
i s
i
n
t
he
be-
DC
posi t i on,
t
he
i n
p ut
si gnal
i s
cou
p
l e
d
d
i r ect l y
t o
t
he
Q16
‘
i s
an
emi t t er
f ol l ower
t
h
at
p
r ovi
d
es
i sol at i on
b
e-
I n
p u
t
At t en
u
at or
st age
.
I n
t
h
e
AC
posi t i on,
t
he
i n
p ut
si gnal
t
É
een
t
h
e
i n
pu
t
ci r c
u
i t r y
an d
t
he
at t enuat i on
swi t c
h
i ng
p
asses
t
hr oug h
cap
aci t or
C1
.
T
h
i s
ca
p
aci t or
pr event s
t h e
DC
t hat
t a
k
es
p
l ace
i
n
t
he emi t t er of
Q16A
.
I n
t
he
20
m
V
,
. 2
V
com
p
onent
of t h e
si gnal
f r om
p
assi ng
t o
t
h
e
am
p
l i f i er
.
T
he
,
an
d
2
V
p
osi t i ons
of
t h e
CH
1
VO
L
TS/ DI
V
swi t ch
,
±
GND
p
osi t i on
o p ens
t
h
e
si gnal
p
at h an
d
connect s
t
he i np u
t
d
i vi
d
e
by
2
at t enuat or
i s
swi t c h
e
d
i n
b
et ween
t
h
e
emi t t er of
ci r cui t
of
t
he
am
p
l i f i er
t o
gr oun
d
.
T
h
i s
p
r ovi
d es ±
gr oun
d
Q16
‘
a nd
t
h
e
base
of
Q34
.
I n
t
h
e
50
m
V
,
. 5
V
a
nd
5
V
r ef er ence
wi t
h
out
t
he
nee
d t o
di scon
n
ect
t
h
e a
pp
l i e
d
si gnal
p
osi t i ons
of
t
he
C
H
1
V
O
L
TS/ DI
V
swi t c h ± d
i vi
d
e
by
5
R
esi st or
R
3,
connect e
d
acr oss
at t en uat or
i s
swi t c
h
e
d
i n
.
Di vi
d
e
b y
1
at t en uat i on
i s
p
r o-
f r om
al l ows
C1
t o
be
pr ec
har ge
d
i n
vi
d
e
d
i n al l
ot
h
er
swi t c h p
osi t i ons
.
T
he
I nt
At t en
’ ±™
a
dj
ust -
t
h
e
t
h
e
I nput
I NPUT
posi t i on
Coupl i ng
con
so
t
h
e
swi t ch,
.
t r ace
r emai ns
on
scr een
w
h
en
me
nt
R
28
var i es
t
he
base
l evel
of
Q16
B
t o p
r ovi
d e
t
he
same
swi t c
h
i ng
t o t he
AC
posi t i on
i f
t
he a p
pl i ed
si gnal
h
as
±
h
i g
h
vent s
vol t age
l
t
he
l evel s at
t
he emi t t er s
of
Q16A
an d
Q16
B
.
T
h
i s
p
r e-
DC
l evel
.
C2-
R2
r e
d
uce
t
h
e
ver y
f ast
st e
p
r esponse
over -
p
osi t i on
of
±
zer o- vol t
r ef er e
nce
t r ace
f r om
AC
posi t i on
of
t
h
e
I n
p u
t
Co
up
l i ng
swi t ch
.
changi ng
w
h
en
swi t c
h
i ng
b
et ween
at t enuat or swi t c
h p
osi -
s
h
oot
t i ons
above
20
m
V
/ di v
.
R16,
C16
an
d C22
p r ovi de
f r e-
C4-
R
4
i n
t
he
pr ovi
d es d
am
p
i ng
f or
t
h
e
at t enuat or
.
q
uency
com
pe n
sat i on
f or
t
h
i s
st age
.
I n
p
ut
At t enuat or
T
h
e
=10
an
d
-
100
I n
p
u
t
At t enuat or s
ar e f r e
q
u
ency
F
ee
d
bac
k
Am
p
l i f i er
com
p
ensat e
d vol t age d
i vi der s
.
F
or
DC
a
nd
l ow- f r equency
T
h e
F
eed
bac
k
Am
p
l i f i er
st age,
Q34- Q38- Q44- Q45,
si gnal s,
t
h
ey
ar e
p
r i mar i l y
r esi st ance
di vi
d
er s
an d
t
he
vol t -
c h
anges
t he
over al l
gai
n of
t
h
e
C
h
annel
1
V
er t i cal
P
r eam
p
age
at t en
uat i on
i s
d
et er mi ne
d b
y
t h
e
r
esi st ance
r at i o
i n t h
e
ci r c
u
i t
t o
p
r ovi
d e
t
he cor r ect
d
ef l ect i on
f act or
i n
t
he 2
mV
3- 4

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Tektronix 454A Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandTektronix
Model454A
CategoryTest Equipment
LanguageEnglish

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