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Troy-Bilt 13AL78BS023 User Manual

Troy-Bilt 13AL78BS023
88 pages
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Safe Operation Practices • Assembly • Operation • Service And Maintenance
OperatOrs Manual
Form No. 769-25793
(August 13, 2020)
Front Engine Lawn Tractor
NOTE: This Operators Manual covers several models. Features may vary by model. Not all features in this manual are
applicable to all models and the model depicted may differ from yours.
WARNING
Read and follow all safety rules and instructions in this manual before attempting to operate this machine.
Failure to comply with these instructions may result in personal injury - SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS.
WARNING
CALIFORNIA PROPOSITION 65
Engine Exhaust, some of its constituents, and certain vehicle components contain or emit chemicals known
to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm.
Record Product Information
Before setting up and operating your new equipment, please
locate the model plate on the equipment and record the
information in the provided area to the right. You can locate
the model plate by lifting up the seat and looking under the
seat pan. This information will be necessary, should you seek
technical support via our web site or with your local authorized
service dealer.
Model Number
Serial Number
English ......................................................................................................................................Page 1
Spanish (Español) ....................................................................................................................Page 29
French (Français) ......................................................................................................................Page 58

Table of Contents

Questions and Answers:

Troy-Bilt 13AL78BS023 Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandTroy-Bilt
Model13AL78BS023
CategoryLawn Mower
LanguageEnglish

Summary

Record Product Information

Safe Operation Practices

General Operating Instructions

Read, understand, and follow all instructions and safety rules in the manual before operating.

Pre-Operation Checks and Preparation

Thoroughly inspect the area, remove foreign objects, and ensure safe operating conditions.

Safe Operating Procedures

Follow safe operating procedures for controls, terrain, and avoiding hazards.

Child Safety Precautions

Specific safety instructions to prevent accidents involving children.

Slope Operation Safety Guidelines

Guidelines and warnings for operating the tractor on slopes.

Fire and Fuel Safety Procedures

Safe handling and storage of gasoline to prevent fire hazards.

Tractor Hauling Safety

Precautions for loading and unloading the tractor for transport.

Tractor Towing Safety

Guidelines for towing loads with the tractor.

Service Safety Precautions

Safety measures to follow when performing maintenance or service.

Emissions Control Notice

Information regarding emission control systems and gasoline requirements.

Spark Arrestor Warning and Use

Warning about using the tractor on certain lands without a spark arrestor.

Using the Slope Gauge

Instructions on how to use the slope gauge to check for safe operating angles.

Safety Symbols and Warnings

Read Operator's Manual Warning

Emphasizes reading and following all safety rules and instructions in the manual.

Thrown Objects Injury Warning

Keep helpers away and clear debris to prevent thrown object injuries.

Child Safety Warnings

Safety measures to prevent backover, runover, and blade injuries involving children.

Tip-Over and Roll-Over Injury Warning

Warnings against operating on slopes exceeding limits or near drop-offs.

Fire Hazard Warning

Caution against mowing tall, dry grass or leaves that can cause fire hazards.

Amputation Injury Warning

Warning to keep hands and feet away from rotating parts and the cutting deck.

Assembly Procedures

CVT and Foot Control CVT Model Setup

Procedure for preparing CVT or Foot Control CVT models.

Operator's Seat Installation

Steps to install the operator's seat onto the pivot bracket.

Lever Adjust Seat Installation

Instructions for installing a seat with a lever adjustment mechanism.

Dash Shroud Installation

Steps to attach the dash shroud if the tractor is equipped with one.

Hood Topper Attachment

Procedure for attaching the hood topper to the tractor.

Steering Wheel Installation

Steps for installing the steering wheel onto the steering shaft.

Deck Discharge Chute Deflector Installation

Instructions for installing the discharge chute deflector onto the mower deck.

Deck Model Specific Setup (38-54 inch)

Specific instructions for 38, 42, 50, and 54 inch deck models.

Setting Deck Wheels

Procedure to adjust deck wheels for proper anti-scalp function.

Connecting Battery Cables

Steps for safely connecting the positive and negative battery cables.

Battery Maintenance and Storage

Tips for maintaining and storing the battery to ensure its proper life cycle.

Battery Removal Procedure

Step-by-step instructions for removing the tractor battery.

Charging the Battery

Procedure for testing and recharging the tractor battery.

Operating the Tractor

Drive Pedal Operation (Foot Control CVT)

How to operate the drive pedal for forward and speed control.

Speed Control Lever Operation (Hydrostatic)

Using the speed control lever for forward, reverse, and stopping.

Shift Lever Operation (CVT Models)

Operating the shift lever for forward, neutral, and reverse.

Brake Pedal Operation

Using the brake pedal for stopping, shifting, and parking brake.

Throttle/Choke Control Operation

Operating the throttle and choke control for engine speed and starting.

Deck Lift Lever Operation

Using the deck lift lever to raise and lower the mower deck.

Ignition Switch Operation

Starting, stopping, and operating the tractor using the ignition switch.

PTO (Blade Engage) Lever Operation

Engaging and disengaging power to the cutting deck or attachments.

Transmission Bypass Rod Operation

Using the bypass rod to manually move the tractor.

Park Brake Lever Operation

Engaging and disengaging the parking brake.

Safety Interlock System Checks

Understanding and checking the safety interlock system for proper function.

Starting the Engine

Step-by-step instructions for safely starting the tractor engine.

Driving the Tractor

General guidance on operating the tractor safely.

Hydrostatic Drive Operation

Operating hydrostatic models, including forward, reverse, and stopping.

CVT Drive Operation

Operating CVT models, including shifting and setting drive speed.

Engaging the Parking Brake

Procedure for setting the parking brake.

Releasing the Parking Brake

Procedure for releasing the parking brake.

Reverse Caution Mode Operation

How to activate and use the reverse caution mode for mowing in reverse.

Engaging the PTO

Steps to engage the PTO (Blade Engage) for cutting deck operation.

Mowing Safely and Effectively

Guidelines for safe and efficient mowing, including slope, speed, and grass height.

Service and Maintenance Schedule

Engine Intake and Cooling Fan Checks

Checking and cleaning engine intake screens and cooling fans.

Exhaust System Checks

Cleaning the exhaust manifold, muffler pipe, and shields.

Deck Cleaning and Inspection

Cleaning and inspecting the deck, spindle covers, and belt area.

Electrical System Checks

Checking and cleaning fuses, wiring, and wiring harnesses.

Transmission and Axle Checks

Cleaning around the transmission, axle, and fans.

Air Filter Checks

Checking the air filter for dirt, looseness, or damage.

Engine Oil Level Check

Ensuring the engine oil level is correct before use.

Battery Terminal Cleaning

Cleaning the battery terminals to prevent corrosion.

Lubrication Point Maintenance

Lubricating all specified points according to the maintenance schedule.

Blade Maintenance and Replacement

Checking, sharpening, or replacing the cutting blades.

Tire Pressure Checks

Ensuring tires are inflated to the recommended pressure.

Safety Interlock System Checks

Verifying the proper function of the safety interlock system.

Blade Stop Time Verification

Measuring the time it takes for blades to stop after disengaging.

Deck Wheel Inspection and Lubrication

Inspecting and lubricating the deck wheels.

Deck Leveling and Pitch Adjustment

Checking and adjusting the deck for proper level and pitch.

Belts and Pulleys Inspection

Inspecting belts and pulleys for damage or wear.

Hardware Security Check

Ensuring all hardware is in place and securely fastened.

Engine Mounting Bolt Torque Check

Checking and tightening engine mounting bolts to specified torque.

Blade Mount Nut Torque Check

Checking and tightening blade mount nuts to specified torque.

Spark Plug Condition and Gap Check

Checking the spark plug's condition and gap.

Engine Break-In Oil Change

Performing the initial oil change after the engine break-in period.

Engine Oil Change Procedure

Step-by-step instructions for changing the engine oil.

Fuel System Checks

Checking the fuel system for leaks or damage.

Spark Arrestor Maintenance

Inspecting and cleaning the spark arrestor assembly.

Oil Filter Replacement

Replacing the engine oil filter.

Air Filter Cleaning or Replacement

Cleaning or replacing the air filter for optimal engine performance.

Fuel Filter Replacement

Replacing the fuel filter.

Valve Lash Adjustment Service

Having valve lash checked and adjusted by an authorized dealer.

Post-Operation Tractor Care

Procedures after each operation to extend tractor life and ensure safety.

Deck Underside Cleaning

Using the deck wash system to rinse grass clippings from the deck underside.

Tractor Exterior Cleaning

Cleaning the tractor after each use to maintain efficiency and reduce fire risk.

Engine Maintenance

General maintenance guidelines for the engine.

Changing Engine Oil

Step-by-step instructions for changing the engine oil.

Engine Oil Change (Drain Sleeve Models)

Specific steps for changing engine oil using the oil drain sleeve.

Lubrication Procedures

Lubricating pivot points, linkage, and wheels as per maintenance schedule.

Spark Arrestor Maintenance

Inspecting and cleaning the spark arrestor assembly.

Tire Maintenance and Inflation

Maintaining proper tire inflation and care guidelines.

Preparing for Off-Season Storage

Procedures for preparing the tractor for extended storage.

Removing from Storage

Steps to take when preparing the tractor after storage.

Deck Leveling (Side-to-Side)

Adjusting the deck for equal blade tip height measurement.

Deck Leveling (Pitch/Front-to-Rear)

Adjusting the deck to ensure the front is lower than the rear.

Deck Wheel Adjustment

Adjusting deck wheels to the correct height for anti-scalping.

Electrical System Troubleshooting

Information about fuses and troubleshooting electrical system issues.

Relays and Switches

Information about safety switches in the electrical system.

Parking Brake Adjustment

Adjusting the parking brake if it does not hold or stop the tractor properly.

Hydrostatic Neutral Adjustment

Adjusting the hydrostatic transmission neutral setting.

Wheel Alignment Service

Getting wheel alignment checked if the tractor pulls to one side.

Deck Removal Procedure

Step-by-step instructions for removing the mower deck.

Blade Removal

Procedure for safely removing the cutting blade for maintenance.

Blade Installation

Steps for correctly installing the cutting blade.

Blade Sharpening and Balancing

Instructions for properly sharpening and balancing the cutting blade.

Troubleshooting Common Issues

Engine Fails to Start

Common causes and remedies for the engine not starting.

Engine Runs Erratically

Diagnosing and fixing issues causing the engine to run erratically.

Engine Overheating Issues

Causes and solutions for the engine overheating.

Engine Hesitation at High RPM

Troubleshooting engine hesitation at high engine speeds.

Engine Idles Rough

Diagnosing and fixing issues causing the engine to idle roughly.

Excessive Vibration Troubleshooting

Addressing causes of excessive vibration, such as blade issues.

Mower Mulching Issues

Troubleshooting why the mower is not mulching grass effectively.

Uneven Cut Diagnosis

Diagnosing and fixing issues causing an uneven grass cut.

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