Agilent Technologies 4395A - Page 433

Calibration
for
Network
Measurement
S
11
A
=


S
11 M
0
E
DF
E
R
F
h
1+

S
22 M
0
E
DR
E
R
R

E
S
R
i

0


S
21 M
0
E
XF
E
T
F

S
12 M
0
E
XR
E
T
R

E
LF


1+

S
11
M
0
E
D
F
E
R
F

E
S
F


1+

S
22
M
0
E
D
R
E
R
R

E
S
R

0


S
21
M
0
E
X
F
E
T
F


S
12
M
0
E
X
R
E
T
R

E
LF
E
LR

S
21
A
=

1
+

S
22
M
0
E
D
R
E
R
R


E
S
R
0
E
LF



S
21
M
0
E
X
F
E
T
F


1+

S
11
M
0
E
D
F
E
RF

E
SF


1+

S
22
M
0
E
D
R
E
RR

E
SR

0


S
21
M
0
E
X
F
E
TF


S
12
M
0
E
X
R
E
TR

E
LF
E
LR

S
12
A
=

1
+

S
11
M
0
E
D
F
E
RF


E
SF
0
E
LR



S
12
M
0
E
X
R
E
TR


1+

S
11
M
0 E
D
F
E
R
F

E
S
F


1+

S
22
M
0 E
D
R
E
R
R

E
S
R

0


S
21
M
0 E
X
F
E
T
F


S
12
M
0 E
X
R
E
T
R

E
LF
E
LR

S
22
A
=


S
22
M
0 E
D
R
E
R
R

h
1
+

S
11
M
0 E
D
F
E
R
F

E
S
F
i

0


S
21
M
0 E
X
F
E
T
F


S
12
M
0 E
X
R
E
T
R

E
LR


1+

S
11
M
0
E
D
F
E
R
F

E
S
F


1+

S
22
M
0
E
D
R
E
R
R

E
S
R

0


S
21
M
0
E
X
F
E
T
F


S
12
M
0
E
X
R
E
T
R

E
LF
E
LR

In
addition
to
the
errors
removed
by
accuracy
enhancement,
other
systematic
errors
exist
due
to
limitations
of
dynamic accuracy
, test
set
switch
repeatability
,
and
test
cable
stability
.
These
,
combined
with
random errors
, also
contribute
to
total
system
measurement
uncertainty
.
Therefore
,
after
accuracy
enhancement
procedures
are performed,
residual
measurement
uncertainties
remain.
Basic Measurement Theory A-57