11
IARC’s evaluation of crystalline silica states “Crystalline silica inhaled in the form of quartz or cristobalite from
occupational sources is carcinogenic to humans (Group 1)” and additionally notes “carcinogenicity in humans was not
detected in all industrial circumstances studied.” IARC also studied mixed mineral crystalline silica containing dusts
such as coal dusts (containing 5 – 15 % crystalline silica) and diatomaceous earth without seeing any evidence of
disease. (IARC Monograph Vol. 68, 1997). NTP lists all polymorphs of crystalline silica amongst substances which
may "reasonably be anticipated to be carcinogens".
IARC and NTP did not evaluate after-service RCF, which may contain various crystalline phase
. However, an
analysis of after-service RCF samples obtained pursuant to an exposure monitoring agreement with the USEPA,
found that in the furnace conditions sampled, most did not contain detectable levels of crystalline silica. Other
relevant RCF studies found that (1) simulated after-service RCF showed little, or no, activity where exposure was by
inhalation or by intraperitoneal injection; and (2) after-service RCF was not cytotoxic to macrophage-like cells at
concentrations up to 320 micrograms/cm² - by comparison, pure quartz or cristobalite were significantly active at
much lower levels (circa 20 micrograms/cm²).
DEFINITIONS
ACGIH:
merican Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist
ADR:
Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (International Regulation)
CAA:
Clean Air Act
CAS:
Chemical Abstracts Service
CERCLA:
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act
DSL:
Domestic Substances List
EPA:
Environmental Protection Agency
EU:
European Union
f/cc:
Fibers per cubic centimeter
HEPA:
High Efficiency Particulate Air
HMIS:
Hazardous Materials Identification System
IARC:
International Agency for Research on Cancer
IATA:
International Air Transport Association
IMDG:
International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code
mg/m³:
Milligrams per cubic meter of air
mmpcf:
Million particles per cubic meter
NFPA:
National Fire Protection Association
NIOSH:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
OSHA:
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
29 CFR 1910.134 & 1926.103:
OSHA Respiratory Protection Standards
29 CFR 1910.1200 & 1926.59:
OSHA Hazard Communication Standards
PEL:
Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA)
PIN:
Product Identification Number
PNOC:
Particulates Not Otherwise Classified
PNOR:
Particulates Not Otherwise Regulated
PSP:
Product Stewardship Program
RCRA:
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
REL:
Recommended Exposure Limit (NIOSH)
RID:
Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail (International Regulations)
SARA:
Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act
SARA Title III:
Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act
SARA Section 302:
Extremely Hazardous Substances
SARA Section 304:
Emergency Release
SARA Section 311:
MSDS/List of Chemicals and Hazardous Inventory
SARA Section 312:
Emergency and Hazardous Inventory
SARA Section 313:
Toxic Chemicals and Release Reporting
STEL:
Short Term Exposure Limit`
SVF:
Synthetic Vitreous Fiber
TDG:
Transportation of Dangerous Goods
TLV:
Threshold Limit Value (
CGIH)
Series 31XX, 32XX Furnaces | Appendix A: SDS Information 35
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