,Jfmno nboofjd dmkpl
yMjlpo nbjnkm ^ja m^jdb\ ]
Q`]iegBglhd]
OQC
yJpj`ofkj
,Wb`kja nboofjd dmkpl
xWY 9 TY abqf^ofkj afnlh^t cpj`ofkj
? _mf\lbgf lg ]bkhdZq PS 0 NS ]^nbZlbgf gf _jgfl dZeh
,Ta^f NS bk ab`a^j laZf PS gn^j ,3x*,3/1x+- {*OCB+
dZeh bk ML/ *NS > PS , 3/1x+
,Ta^f NS 0 PS ]^nbZlbgf bk u3x*u3/1x+-
*EOCCL+
dZeh bk ML/*
PS , 3/1x w NS w PS . 3/1x+
,Ta^f NS bk dgo^j laZf PS gn^j .3x*.3/1x+- |
*OCB+ dZeh bk ML/*
NS = PS . 3/1x+
P^^ A.36 hZ`^ _gj QA 0 QB \geegf _^Zlmj^k/
xGkjomkh kpolpo otlb nbhb`ofkj\ ]
,? _mf\lbgf lg k^d^\l \gfljgd gmlhml lqh^< O^dZq
gmlhml*C?G+- PPON ngdlZ`^ gmlhml*DDC+/
yGf \Zk^ g_ k^d^\lbf` PPON ngdlZ`^ gmlhml- PPON gmlhml
e^lag]*DDH@+ k^d^\lbgf hZjZe^l^j bk ]bkhdZq^]/
xPk`g nboofjd\ ]
,Gl dg\ck k^l nZdm^ Zf] hZjZe^l^j \aZf`^ g_ la^ `jgmh/
,Gl ^fZ[d^k lg \a^\c hZjZe^l^j k^l nZdm^ g_ dg\c^]
k^llbf` `jgmh/
Jg[c g^^
Jg[c j]kkaf_ _iglh 7
Jg[c j]kkaf_ _iglh 61 7
Jg[c j]kkaf_ _iglh 61 71 PS j]kkaf_ _iglh
C]j[iahkagf
CajhdYp
y
- Zj^ ZnZbdZ[d^ gfdq _gj bf]b\Zlgj*QA5z.
LzL+/
xImmkm
,Cjjgj eZjc obdd _dZka*^n^jq 2k^\+ bf NS nb^o^j
oa^f ^jjgj bk g\\mjj^] ]mjbf` la^ \gfljgd gh^jZlbgf/
,
Gl obdd gh^jZl^ fgjeZddq- b_ bfhml k^fkgj bk \gff^\l^]
gj j^lmjf^] lg fgjeZd jZf`^ mf]^j
^jjgj 0
0 klZlmk/
G^ afhlk j]fjgi aj \aj[gff][k]\ gi j]fjgi aj
fgk [gff][k]\3
G^ e]Yjli]\ j]fjgi afhlk aj `a_`]i k`Yf
k]eh]iYkli] iYf_]3
G^ e]Yjli]\ j]fjgi afhlk aj dgn]i k`Yf
k]eh]iYkli] iYf_]3
C]j[iahkagf
CajhdYp
yPPO kagmd] [^ k^d^\l^] [q la^ \ZhZ\blq g_
dgZ]- gla^jobk^- bl eZq kagjl.\bj\mbl Zf] j^kmdl bf
Z _bj^/ Gf]bj^\l a^Zl^] kagmd] [^ mk^] obla PPO _gj
^__b\b^fl ogjcbf`/
yNd^Zk^ mk^ Z \ggdbf` hdZl^ gj bl eZq \Zmk^ la^
\ZhZ[bdblq ]^l^jbgjZlbgf- [j^Zc]gof g_ PPO _gj Z
dgf` mkZ`^/
yO^_^j lg A.23 hZ`^ _gj haZk^ 0 \q\d^ \gfljgd
\gff^\lbgfk/
xSpolpo `kjjb`ofkjn
,@hhda[Ykagf g^ i]dYp glkhlk kph]
K
I^^h hgo^j j^dZq Zk _Zj ZoZq Zk hgkkb[d^ _jge
l^eh^jZlmj^ \gfljgdd^j/ G_ obj^k d^f`la g_ E bk kagjl-
^d^\ljgeglbn^ _gj\^ g\\mjj^] _jge Z \gbd g_ eZ`f^l
kobl\a ~ hgo^j j^dZq eZq _dgo bf hgo^j dbf^ g_ la^
mfbl- bl eZq \Zmk^ eZd_mf\lbgf/ G_ obj^k d^f`la g_
E bk
kagjl- hd^Zk^ \gff^\l Z eqdZj \gf]^fk^j 215*741S+
Z\jgkk \gbd g_ la^ hgo^j j^dZq ||lg hjgl^\l
^d^\ljgeglbn^ _gj\^/
Bgf\]fj]i
536|
;85S
KY_f]k gi
O]dYp [gfkY[k
F]Yk]i
E
K
QB PDOGDP
SgdkY_]
glkhlk
k]ieafYd
Pgda\ jkYk] i]dYp.PPO/
Xkp`e Wrfo`e Xtlb Xbilbm^opmb Gkjomkhhbm
B26;
yJ^`okmt abc^pho
,P]d][k high]i afhlk j]fjgi kph] Zp lj]i Yhhda[Ykagf3
Gfhlk iYf_] x
2:5 r 6755x
2:= r 76>7{
CajhdYp
Gfhlk j]fjgi
I.B@/
285 r :55x
Gfhlk iYf_] {
H.GB/
CGL
iYk]\
Nk 6
Nk 7
2655 r 955x
265535 r 95535x
277 r >87{
269= r <:7{
269=35 r <:735{
Kg\]
P]kkaf_ mYdl]
Kg\]
P]kkaf_ mYdl]
Kg\]
P]kkaf_ mYdl]
Kg\]
P]kkaf_ mYdl]
Kg\]
P]kkaf_ mYdl]
Kg\] Kg\] Kg\] Kg\]
P]kkaf_ mYdl] P]kkaf_ mYdl] P]kkaf_ mYdl] P]kkaf_ mYdl]
Ngn]i
QB PDOGDP
O]dYp [gfkY[k k]ieafYd
s
Ngn]i
JgY\ hgn]i
G
L
N
R
Q
J
M
@
C
0
2
s
0
2
,@hhda[Ykagf g^ PPON glkhlk e]k`g\
3O4
Tekok
bhb`omf`
nbjnkm
3L4
Wbjnkm
`kjomkhhbm
3Q4
Vko^mt
bj`kabm
3K4
Hfnlh^t
pjfo
3N4
Tmksfifot
nbjnkm
3J4
X^`ek9
Wlbba9
Tphnb
ibobm
3I4
T^jbh
ibobm
3P4
Tmbnnpmb
nbjnkm
3H4
Tkrbm
`kjomkhhbm
3M4
Wrfo`efjd
lkrbm
npllht
3G4
Xbil8
`kjomkhhbm
3R4
Wobllfjd
ikokm 2
Hmfqbm 2
Gkjomkhhbm
3T4
Jfbha
jborkmg
abqf`b
3S4
Km^lef`
l^jbh
3E4
Gkpjobm
3F4
Xfibm
3U4
Tmkap`ofkj
nokll^db
ikabhn 2
mblh^`bibjo