Section 3
ENGINE OPERATION IN COLD WEATHER
Satisfactory performance of a diesel engine
operating in low ambient temperature conditions
requires modification of the engines, surrounding
equipment, operating practices and maintenance
procedures. The colder the temperature
encountered t he gr eat er the am oun t of
modification required and yet with the
modifications applied, the engines must still be
capable of operation in warmer climates without
extensive changes. The following information is
provided to engine owners, operators and
maintenance personnel on how the modifications
can be applied to get satisfactory performance
from their diesel engines.
There are three basic object ives to be
accomplished :
1. Reasonable starting characteristics followed
by practical and dependable warm-up of
engine and equipment.
2. A unit of installation which is as independent
as possible from external influences.
3. Modifications which maintain satisfactory
operating temperatures with a minimum
increase in maintenance of the equipment
and accessories.
4. Winterize Winterize Artic
Specifications
3°
°
F (-1°C) to -1°
°
F (-23
°
C) to
-25
°
F (-32
°
C) to
-1°
°
F (-23
°
C) -25
°
F (-32
°
C)
-65
°
F (-54
°
C)
Use antifreeze to Use ethylene glycol Use ethylene glycol
protect to antifreeze 5°%
antifreeze 5°%
-2°
°
F (-29
°
C) water 5°%
water 5°% mixture.
If satisfactory engine temperature is not
maintained higher maintenance cost will result
due to increased engine wear, poor performance
and formation of excessive carbon, varnish and
other deposits. Special provisions to overcome
low temperatures are definitely necessary, whereas
a change to warmer climate normally required
only a minimum of revision. Most of the
accessories should be designed in such a way
that they can be disconnected so there is little
effect on the engine when they are not in use.
The two commonly used terms associated with
preparation of equipment for low temperature
operation are ''Winterization'' and ''Artic
Specifications.''
Winterization of the engine and/or components so
starting and operation possible in the lowest
temperature to be encountered requires :
1. Use of correct materials.
2. Proper lubrication, low temperature lubricating
oil.
3. Protection from the low temperature air. The
metal temperature does not change, but the
rate of heat dissipation is affected.
4. Fuel of proper grade for lowest temperature.
5. Heating to be provided to increase engine
block and component temperature to a
minimum of -25
°
F (-32
°
C) for starting in
lower temperatures.
6. Proper external heating source available.
7. Electrical equipment capable of operating in
lowest expected temperature.
Artic Specification refer to the design material and
specifications of components necessary for
satisfactory engine operation in extreme low
temperatures to -65
°
F (-54
°
C). Contact Cummins
India Limited or the equipment manufacturer to
obtain the special items required.
Workshop Manual
S3.8 Engine
A030K288 (Issue 2)
01-2010
Caution : ''Anti-leak'' antifreeze are not
recommended to use in Cummins
Engines. The ''anti-leak'' agents may
clog the coolant filters and render them
ineffective.
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