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Describes the purpose and main components of the EFIS, including SGs, DUs, and control panels.
Details the data sources, processing, and failure handling of the Symbol Generator (SG).
Explains the layout and primary functions of the Display Units (PFD and ND).
Covers DU failure management, including composite mode and DU XFR pushbutton.
Lists the various flight parameters displayed on the PFD.
Details the flight information presented on the Navigation Display.
Describes the different modes for displaying navigation information on the ND.
Details the controls on the EFIS panel for mode selection, brightness, and testing.
Explains the options for selecting bearing needles on the EFIS control panel.
Covers the functions of the Avionics Panel for SG failure and cooling indication.
Describes the Flight Mode Panel's role in selecting course and heading.
Details how to perform an EFIS test and what to observe during the procedure.
Illustrates the system architecture and data flow between EFIS components.
Explains the indications and functions of the Symbol Generator P/B.
Describes the white light indicating a cooling fan failure for DU or AHRS.
Details the DU XFR P/B for failure or convenience transfer of PFD/ND.
Explains the indications for the Symbol Generator P/B in Type II systems.
Describes the cooling fan failure indicator for Type II systems.
Explains how to set the NAV 1 and NAV 2 course pointers or lines.
Describes how to set the heading bug on both NDs.
Buttons for exchanging ND modes between FULL/ARC and selecting MAP mode.
Buttons to display/remove FD command bar and toggle ground speed/time-to-go.
Controls for PFD brightness, DH selection, and EFIS test initiation.
Selectors for bearing pointers and ND/WX display brightness.
Buttons to select FMS, VHF NAV 1, or VHF NAV 2 as primary navigation source.
Shows glide slope position using a pointer and deviation scale.
Magenta bars indicating aircraft pitch and/or roll commands.
Displays pitch information and the yellow rising runway symbol.
Displays selected decision height and localizer position.
Shows slip/skid and radio altitude in feet.
Indicates outer, middle, and inner marker beacons.
Lists and describes the armed and captured modes for roll and pitch.
Shows hold reference for indicated airspeed and vertical speed.
Indicates FMS messages, typically from the FMS CDU.
Amber indications for pitch, roll, and heading disagreements.
Amber indications for localizer, glide slope, and ILS disagreements.
Amber FD FAIL indication when flight director is unavailable.
Indications for SG selection (G1/G2) and SG failure.
Dashes or blank indications for ADC information unavailability.
Amber dashes indicating radio altimeter system failure.
Amber pointer and scale indicate excessive localizer/glide slope deviation.
Red ATT FAIL indication for AHRS pitch and roll failure.
Red flags indicating unavailability of GS or LOC information.
Blank for DU/SG failure, red SG FAIL for SG fault.
Visual representation of the PFD/ND during an EFIS test.
Displays selected VOR/LOC course and FMS desired track.
Shows heading sync status and the course/track pointer.
Indicates bearing source and displays VOR1/ADF1 or VOR2/ADF2 bearings.
Yellow bar indicating course deviation or crosstrack deviation.
Shows selected heading and primary navigation source.
Displays DME distance, TO-FROM pointer, and glide slope deviation.
Shows aircraft symbol and ground speed or time-to-go.
The compass rose and full mode display are described.
Shows heading arrow and actual heading display.
Indicates distance to inner range ring and range selection.
Displays offset path selection at FMS CDU.
Shows actual track and alerts for dead reckoning or waypoint passing.
Shows wind velocity and direction.
Displays position of tuned VOR 1 and VOR 2 stations.
Indicates VOR direction and displays inbound/outbound course lines.
Yellow pointer indicating VOR course deviation.
Indicates the active flight plan on the navigation display.
Shows position and identification of waypoints in the active flight plan.
Displays crosstrack deviation in NM left or right of FMS track.
Indicates failure of course, track, or primary navigation source.
Shows dashes for unavailable distance or heading information.
Indicates when glide slope deviation threshold is exceeded.
Dashes indicate unavailable GS or TTG information.
HDG FAIL and red flag for AHRS heading failure.
Red flags indicating unavailability of GS or NAV information.
Visual representation of the PFD/ND during an EFIS test.
Indicates WXR system status (OFF, WAIT, TX, STBY, WX, RCT, GMAP, FPLN, TEST, FAIL).
Describes colors for precipitation levels and range selection.
Shows colors and their meaning during WXR system test.
Details PFD elements in composite mode, including NAV source and distance.
Details ND elements in composite mode, including GS deviation and heading.
Describes common controls like course pointer, FD bars, and RA display.
Alerts for Symbol Generator failure: aural, MWL/MCL, CAP, LOCAL SG.
Alerts for pitch and roll disagreement: aural, MWL/MCL, CAP.
Describes the airspeed indicator showing IAS and VMO, and its use in alerts.
Explains RMI display of magnetic heading and relative bearing to NAV aids.
Details altimeter installation, altitude information derivation, and functions.
Describes VSI display of vertical speed, traffic, and TCAS information.
Describes RA maneuvering guidance and TA/VSI traffic presentation.
Explains TAT calculation and its indicator location.
Details the electronic clocks, GMT setting, and elapsed time/chronometer functions.
Indicates maximum operating limit speed and target airspeed.
Manual marker for desired airspeed reference and airspeed pointer.
Describes the airspeed indicator and the bug selector.
Indicates VMO limit speed and airspeed pointer unreliability.
Describes the marker and the airspeed indicator itself.
Shows target airspeed bug and the selector for setting it.
Indicates aircraft heading and flags for heading system failure.
Buttons to select VOR 1/ADF 1 and VOR 2/ADF 2 for pointers.
Describes single/double pointers and their failure flags.
Shows altitude in hundreds of feet with flag indications.
Describes the altitude pointer and its revolution.
Controls for setting and displaying barometric reference pressure.
Displays the total air temperature.
Shows altitude in hundreds of feet with flag indications.
Indicates vibrator failure and describes the altitude pointer.
Selector and display for barometric reference pressure.
Shows altitude in twenty feet increments and flag indications.
Describes the altitude pointer and the altitude bug.
Controls for barometric reference pressure and altitude bug selector.
Displays TAT and shows the Engine Rating Panel.
Describes yellow symbols for traffic advisories and their altitude indications.
Describes white symbols for proximate and other traffic.
Describes RA symbols and symbols for traffic outside display range.
Shows vertical range indication and RA display elements.
Describes VSI pointer and the 2 mile range ring.
Indicates no bearing message and the selected range display.
Shows flight level indication and describes brightness control.
Indicates TCAS status: TEST, STBY, FAIL, TA ONLY.
Shows VSI failure and status, impacting RA display.
Describes yellow symbols for traffic advisories and their altitude indications.
Describes blue symbols for proximate, other, and off scale traffic.
Describes red symbols for resolution advisories and their altitude.
Shows RA display elements and the ambient light sensor.
Describes VSI pointer, range ring, and no bearing message.
Shows the selected display range in nautical miles.
Indicates TCAS status: TEST, TA ONLY.
Indicates TCAS status: OFF, FAIL, TD FAIL.
Shows VSI failure and status, impacting RA display.
Controls for chronometer start/stop/reset and GMT time display.
Indicates chronometer seconds and elapsed/chronometer time.
The clock unit and selector for elapsed time functions.
Selectors for RUN, HLDY, SSM, FSD for GMT.
Displays GMT/Date and controls for chronometer.
Indicates chronometer seconds and elapsed/chronometer time.
Clock unit, ET selector, and GMT selector functions.
Alert condition and indication for aircraft overspeed.
Describes the standby horizon's independent attitude indication.
Explains the standby compass for magnetic heading.
Describes the standby altimeter and its altitude information source.
Describes the standby airspeed indicator and its information source.
Details the standby horizon's pointers, scale, warning flag, and caging knob.
Shows the standby compass and its light switch.
Shows standby altimeter altitude and flag indications.
Describes the standby altimeter's altitude pointer.
Controls for barometric reference pressure for the standby altimeter.
Shows the standby airspeed indicator's pointer.
Introduces TAWS and lists its system inputs.
Explains how GPWS and Terrain alerts are generated based on flight parameters.
Describes how TAWS display is controlled and provides terrain display image.
Describes TAWS map view, range selection, and color banding.
Identifies colors for terrain threat levels (red, yellow, green, black).
Depicts color banding above ROC band height and explains text overlays.
Explains TERR annunciation colors and altitude/mode box placement.
Explains ROC/RTC usage and how color bands vary with flight phase.
Table detailing flight phases, ROCs, and RTCs for alerts.
Defines symbols for Terrain Threat, Waypoint IDENT, Waypoint Post, and Aircraft Symbol.
Explains terrain threat symbols and their alert levels (CAUTION/WARNING).
Describes how the FMS flight plan is overlaid on the navigation display.
Describes how textual waypoint identifiers are displayed.
Explains automatic pop-up display for TAWS warnings and cautions.
Describes MAP view, aircraft position, and terrain conflict symbols.
Explains how terrain conflicts affect flight path trend and alerts.
Explains how terrain alerting envelope shifts due to track angle offset.
Describes various terrain alerts based on flight phase and proximity.
Explains flight plan look ahead and TAWS behavior during circle-to-land.
Explains the conditions triggering the altimeter setting alert.
Explains PDA generation and the 'TOO LOW TERRAIN' alert.
Describes alerts for excessive descent rates based on vertical speed.
Context for Mode 2 alerts at airports with sharp terrain.
Describes alerts for excessive closure rate to terrain.
Details the Mode 2B envelope for landing configuration alerts.
Describes alerts for negative climb rate or altitude loss after takeoff.
Describes alerts for proximity to terrain when not in landing configuration.
Describes alerts for excessive downward deviation from ILS glide slope.
Explains how to cancel or inhibit Mode 5 alerts.
Recommends GS inhibit for back course approaches to prevent nuisance alerts.
Describes altitude call-outs (500, 50) and bank angle call-outs.
Explains call-outs for minimums and approaching minimums.
Guidance on reacting to TAWS alerts and annunciators.
Action required for 'Pull Up' alerts, including autopilot and power commands.
Pilot actions for sink rate and terrain alerts, including power and attitude.
Pilot actions for 'Too Low Gear/Flaps' and 'Too Low Terrain' alerts.
Pilot actions for glide slope and 'Don't Sink' alerts.
Describes advisory callouts like 'Five Hundred' and 'Fifty'.
Lists TAWS alerts by priority, detailing description, level, and comments.
Describes GPWS/GS annunciator functions for warning modes.
Explains TERR INOP and TERR INHIB switch functions.
Describes GPWS FAULT and OFF annunciator functions.
Explains how TAWS handles unavailable views and displays inhibit messages.
Lists messages displayed when navigation data is unavailable or inhibited.
Describes TAWS interface via FMS, WXR, EFIS, ND and available display pages.
Notes that TAWS is corrected for cold temperatures.
Highlights TAWS reliance on accurate barometric altitude and required correction.
Describes procedures for flap setting, terrain inhibit, and GPWS circuit breaker.
Details the effects on aircraft and crew from TAWS failures.
Describes the procedure for testing the TAWS system with expected results.
Describes annunciators for GPS, HDG, APR, TERR, MSG, WPT, SXT, LRN, GPWS, GS.
Describes annunciators for GPS, HDG, APR, TERR, MSG, WPT, SXT, LRN, GPWS, GS.
Explains the amber TERR INOP and white TERR INHIB indicators.
Button to test the ground proximity warning system.
Switch to cancel/inhibit warning mode 5.
Guarded switch to inhibit warning mode 4.
Describes GPWS P/B states: Normal, FAULT, OFF.
Describes the alert for GPWS failure: aural, MWL/MCL, CAP, LOCAL GPWS FAULT.
Introduces Honeywell EGPWS, its inputs, and continuous monitoring.
Lists the six basic GPWS functions and TAWS functions provided by EGPWS.
Describes EGPWS modes and lists the six basic GPWS warning modes.
Describes GPWS visual warnings and the 'BANK ANGLE' alert.
Explains Terrain Clearance Floor, Runway Field Clearance Floor, and Terrain Ahead Alerting.
Table detailing modes, boundaries, aural alerts, and visual indications.
Describes alerts for Altitude Call-out and Bank Angle.
Describes alerts for Terrain Clearance Floor and Runway Field Clearance Floor.
Describes alerts for Terrain Ahead Alerting.
Describes TAWS display unit controls, modes, and initialization.
Explains the conventional mode display relative to aircraft altitude.
Explains the peaks mode display relative to MSL.
Describes how to perform a system self-test and the expected results.
Details indications for basic GPWS and TAWS display unit failures.
Describes TAWS P/B states: Normal, Failure, and Manual Inhibit.
Explains GPWS (red) and GS (amber) warning lights.
Controls for steep approach capability and glide slope inhibit.
Buttons for testing GPWS and overriding flap limitations.
Describes GPWS P/B states: Normal, FAULT, OFF.
Adjusts display brightness and describes display function.
Describes data card insertion and power knob operation.
Explains function indicators and the maintenance joystick.
Describes fault indicator and unused control knob.
Keys for selecting display modes like MAP, WX, TERR.
Shows altitude display and range rings.
Describes TAWS icons and the selected range display.
Displays magnetic heading and terrain elevation.
Describes power keys for range and view selection.
Shows aircraft symbol and heading display.
Explains altitude entry and exit alerts based on selected altitude.
Describes how altitude alert functions obtain data and set altitudes.
Lists phases where altitude alerts are inhibited.
Shows the flight mode panel with various mode select buttons.
Buttons to select captain's or first officer's altimeter for alert controller.
Shows selected altitude and the knob to adjust it.
Alert for entering the selected altitude band.
Alert for deviating from the selected altitude band.
General| Manufacturer | Fokker |
|---|---|
| First Flight | 28 December 1985 |
| Introduction | 1987 |
| Role | Regional airliner |
| Engine Type | Turboprop |
| Engines | 2 |
| Maximum Speed | 532 km/h (331 mph, 287 kn) |
| Service Ceiling | 7, 620 m (25, 000 ft) |
| Capacity | 50-58 passengers |
| Status | In service |
| Produced | 1985–1997 |
| Number Built | 213 |
| Developed From | Fokker F27 Friendship |
| Length | 25.25 m (82 ft 10 in) |
| Wingspan | 29 m (95 ft 2 in) |
| Height | 8.32 m (27 ft 4 in) |
| Empty Weight | 12, 250 kg (27, 007 lb) |
| Max Takeoff Weight | 20, 820 kg (45, 900 lb) |
| Wing Area | 70 m² (750 sq ft) |
| Powerplant | 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PW125B turboprop engines |
