Solar Controller
GP-PWM-30
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© 2012 Carmanah Technologies Corporation
September 2012
Series Connection: Electrical connection where the positive terminal of one device is
attached to the negative terminal of the next in a series string; in this connection, the string
voltage is the sum of the device voltages and the string current is limited to the current of
the least productive device in the string.
Short-Circuit Current (Isc): Refers to a photovoltaic device’s current output when the
positive terminal is directly connected to the negative terminal.
State of Charge (SOC): The percentage of energy in a battery referenced to its nominal
full capacity.
Sulfation: The formation of lead sulfate crystals on the plates of a lead-acid battery.
Normally used to refer to large sulfate crystals, rather than small crystals formed in normal
battery operation. The plates of a battery will sulfate if left in a partially charged state,
causing reduced battery capacity and shortening the life of the battery. If caught in time,
equalization will remove the buildup of sulfation.
Voltage: The electrical potential between two points. Voltage is analogous to water
pressure in that it pushes the electrons or current through a conductor. The unit for voltage
is volt and designated by the letter V.
Wet Acid or Flooded Batteries: The most common type of PV battery. Battery caps may
be removed to expose the electrolyte liquid inside the battery. Need proper ventilation due
to gassing and may need to be topped up with distilled water at regular intervals.
11.0 Installation Template
(see next page)
Please see supplement page (attached)
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