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Kistler 9212 - User Manual

Kistler 9212
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Instruction
Manual
Load Cells -
High Impedance,
Charge Mode
Type 9212
9212_002
-721e-08.15
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Summary

Foreword

Important Information

For Your Safety

Compliance with local safety regulations for electrical and electronic equipment is recommended.

Precautions

Precautionary measures for safe and reliable operation, including handling, environment, and damage assessment.

Disposal of Electronic Equipment

Instructions for proper disposal of old electronic equipment, advising against municipal trash.

Product Types

Summary of Kistler Type 9212 high impedance, charge mode load cells, referring to data sheets.

Nomenclature

Definitions of special designations and terms used in the manual, like Fs and pC.

Product Description

Supplied Mounting Studs

Lists the supplied mounting studs for Type 9212, including item description and part number.

Technical Information and Functional Description

Piezoelectric Measurement Concept

Explains how piezoelectric load cells convert force into electric charge using quartz elements.

High Impedance Output

Describes the requirement for an external charge amplifier and low noise cable for high impedance load cells.

Mounting and Installation

General Mounting and Installation

Emphasizes care during installation for optimal accuracy and reliability.

Surface Preparation

Details requirements for mounting surfaces, including flatness, roughness, and parallelism.

Mounting Procedure

Guides on using supplied studs, tapping holes, and ensuring proper contact for mounting.

Operation

Charge Mode Load Cells and Charge Amplifiers

Discusses the high impedance requirement, insulation levels, and the role of charge amplifiers.

The Charge Amplifier

Details the function and types of charge amplifiers used with high impedance load cells.

Charge Amplifier Operation

Explains the internal workings of a charge amplifier, including its components and signal conversion.

Kistler Charge Amplifiers

Lists and describes various Kistler charge amplifier models available for compatibility.

Cable Considerations

Highlights the importance of low noise cables and maintaining insulation resistance for signal integrity.

Drift Due to the Charge Amplifier

Explains causes of drift in charge amplifier output and corresponding remedies.

Load Cell Start-Up with Charge Amplifier

Provides a procedure for starting up load cells with charge amplifiers, including adjustments.

Calibration and Maintenance

General Calibration and Maintenance

States that load cells are hermetically sealed, precluding internal maintenance, and external cleaning is important.

Troubleshooting

Guides on troubleshooting load cell problems, focusing on cables and drift issues.

Repairs

Informs that field repair is not possible and instructs to return the load cell to the factory.

Care & Cleaning

Provides instructions for cleaning the load cell enclosure and transducer using appropriate materials.

Calibration

Explains load cell calibration by direct comparison to a traceable standard and mentions calibration services.

Recommended Cables

Storage and Transit Considerations

Warranty

Appendix

Summary

Foreword

Important Information

For Your Safety

Compliance with local safety regulations for electrical and electronic equipment is recommended.

Precautions

Precautionary measures for safe and reliable operation, including handling, environment, and damage assessment.

Disposal of Electronic Equipment

Instructions for proper disposal of old electronic equipment, advising against municipal trash.

Product Types

Summary of Kistler Type 9212 high impedance, charge mode load cells, referring to data sheets.

Nomenclature

Definitions of special designations and terms used in the manual, like Fs and pC.

Product Description

Supplied Mounting Studs

Lists the supplied mounting studs for Type 9212, including item description and part number.

Technical Information and Functional Description

Piezoelectric Measurement Concept

Explains how piezoelectric load cells convert force into electric charge using quartz elements.

High Impedance Output

Describes the requirement for an external charge amplifier and low noise cable for high impedance load cells.

Mounting and Installation

General Mounting and Installation

Emphasizes care during installation for optimal accuracy and reliability.

Surface Preparation

Details requirements for mounting surfaces, including flatness, roughness, and parallelism.

Mounting Procedure

Guides on using supplied studs, tapping holes, and ensuring proper contact for mounting.

Operation

Charge Mode Load Cells and Charge Amplifiers

Discusses the high impedance requirement, insulation levels, and the role of charge amplifiers.

The Charge Amplifier

Details the function and types of charge amplifiers used with high impedance load cells.

Charge Amplifier Operation

Explains the internal workings of a charge amplifier, including its components and signal conversion.

Kistler Charge Amplifiers

Lists and describes various Kistler charge amplifier models available for compatibility.

Cable Considerations

Highlights the importance of low noise cables and maintaining insulation resistance for signal integrity.

Drift Due to the Charge Amplifier

Explains causes of drift in charge amplifier output and corresponding remedies.

Load Cell Start-Up with Charge Amplifier

Provides a procedure for starting up load cells with charge amplifiers, including adjustments.

Calibration and Maintenance

General Calibration and Maintenance

States that load cells are hermetically sealed, precluding internal maintenance, and external cleaning is important.

Troubleshooting

Guides on troubleshooting load cell problems, focusing on cables and drift issues.

Repairs

Informs that field repair is not possible and instructs to return the load cell to the factory.

Care & Cleaning

Provides instructions for cleaning the load cell enclosure and transducer using appropriate materials.

Calibration

Explains load cell calibration by direct comparison to a traceable standard and mentions calibration services.

Recommended Cables

Storage and Transit Considerations

Warranty

Appendix

Overview

The Kistler Type 9212 load cells are high impedance, charge mode sensors designed for measuring dynamic and short-term static forces, including both compression and tension. These compact, sensitive, and fast-response sensors are characterized by their rugged quartz force-sensing element, which ensures long-term stability. They offer wide measuring ranges and a quasi-static response, operating across a broad temperature range of -240 to 150 °C [-400 to 300 °F].

Function Description:

Kistler load cells utilize a self-generating piezoelectric sensing element, specifically precision-cut quartz, to convert force into an electrical charge. The charge produced by the load cell is directly proportional to the force applied to the internal piezoelectric element. Unlike passive strain gauge sensors that require excitation, these load cells are active or self-generating. As high impedance devices, they necessitate an external charge amplifier and low-noise cabling for proper operation. The sensitivity of these load cells is expressed as the ratio of electrical output to applied force (e.g., -pC/lbf or -pC/N).

The charge amplifier acts as a charge integrator, compensating the load cell's charge with an equal magnitude and opposite polarity to produce a voltage across a range capacitor. This process converts a high impedance charge into a low impedance voltage. Typically, a negative charge at the amplifier's input results in a positive output voltage, which is why charge mode sensors often indicate a negative output. The charge amplifier's design incorporates a high-gain inverting voltage amplifier with a MOSFET or JFET at the input to achieve high insulation resistance. The system's time constant (TC = R * C_r) influences the discharge rate of the range capacitor, affecting low-frequency response and usable measuring time. Drift in a charge amplifier can be caused by low insulation resistance at the input or internal leakage current of the input MOSFET or JFET.

Important Technical Specifications:

  • Sensing Element: Rugged quartz, piezoelectric.
  • Output Mode: High impedance, charge mode.
  • Measurement Range: Wide, including 2 260 kg [5 000 lb] for Type 9212.
  • Operating Temperature: -240 to 150 °C [-400 to 300 °F].
  • Output: Electrical charge (pC/lbf or pC/N).
  • Required Accessories: External charge amplifier, low-noise coaxial cable.
  • Mounting Studs: Supplied mounting studs (e.g., Type 9212 uses 10-32 to 10-32 threading, Kistler Part No. 8402).
  • Mounting Torque: 2.25/2.7 N-m [20/24 in-lb] for Type 9212.
  • Insulation Resistance: Must be maintained at ultra-high levels (e.g., >1,012 Ohms) for optimal performance.

Usage Features:

  • Applications: Measuring fatigue-test tension, rocket engine thrust, clamping force, forces transmitted by vibration exciters, and drop-testing.
  • Mounting: Designed for bottom surface mounting with an upper force application surface. Can be mounted in any attitude, and generally without regard for top or bottom orientation. The top of Series Type 9212 has a single ring, and the bottom has two annular rings. For small forces, a single mounting stud on the bottom is recommended to minimize interference from the outer body and base.
  • Surface Preparation: Mounting surfaces must be flat, ground or lapped, with roughness not exceeding 4.06 x 10^-4 mm [16 µin] and flatness of 25.4 x 10^-4 mm [0.0001 in]. Surfaces should be clean, and a thin coat of silicon grease applied to the load cell and mounting surface.
  • Cable Connection: Requires special low-noise coaxial cables. Cables must be secured to prevent movement, which can generate triboelectric noise.
  • Charge Amplifier Selection: Kistler offers a range of charge amplifiers (e.g., Type 5010, 5015, 5018, 5039) with features like sensitivity adjustment, multi-ranging, time constants, and signal filtering, to suit various applications.
  • Start-Up Procedure: Before connecting, cable connector pins should be short-circuited to eliminate charge build-up. The unit should be in "reset" mode when connecting the load cell to the charge amplifier to prevent damage to the input circuit. Proper sensitivity and range settings must be selected to avoid overloading the sensitive input.
  • Recommended Cables: Kistler provides specific low-noise cable types for high impedance, charge mode load cells (e.g., 1631C(x), 1635C(x), 1639A(x), 1601B(x), 1603B(x)).

Maintenance Features:

  • Cleaning: The hermetically sealed construction precludes internal maintenance. External cleaning involves using a soft brush or dry dust cloth for dust, or a cloth moistened with soapy water or general-purpose aqueous detergent cleaner for stubborn dirt. Solvents should be avoided. The transducer should be cleaned with Isopropyl alcohol and lint-free paper wipes. Air-blast should not be used on connectors.
  • Troubleshooting: Common issues include faulty cables (check for high insulation resistance or intermittent conduction). A Kistler Charge Calibrator Type 5357 can be used to test the load cell, cable, or measurement instrument. Unusual drift may indicate cable or charge amplifier issues.
  • Drift Diagnosis:
    • Cause 1 (Insufficient insulation resistance in feedback loop): Characterized by exponential signal decrease. Remedy: Set "Time Constant" to 'Long'. If persistent, indicates low insulation resistance in the range capacitor.
    • Cause 2 (Damaged/defective MOSFET in input stage): Polarity of drift is independent of zero offset polarity. A small drift is normal for charge amplifiers.
    • Cause 3 (Low insulation resistance at charge amplifier input): Polarity of drift depends on zero offset polarity. Most probable cause is low insulation resistance in the load cell circuit. Remedy: Clean or replace load cell plug/cable, or service the input circuitry of the charge amplifier. A Type 5493 insulation tester can be used for verification.
  • Repairs: Field repair is not possible. If repair is needed, contact Kistler for a return authorization number and return the load cell to the factory with a statement of problems and serial number. Recalibration is recommended after factory repair.
  • Calibration: Calibration services are available from Kistler, ensuring traceability to NIST standards. A calibration certificate is provided with results.
  • Storage & Transit: Store/transport between -20 °C and 60 °C [-4 °F and 140 °F]. All connectors must be covered with dust caps. Prevent contamination and ensure a dry, vibration-free environment. Avoid applying pressure to the sensor. Store in original packing materials or carrying case when not in use.

Kistler 9212 Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandKistler
Model9212
CategoryMeasuring Instruments
LanguageEnglish

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