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Perkins 4016 User Manual

Perkins 4016
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User’s Handbook, TSL 4186E, Issue 2 1
1
4012/16 Diesel
General information 1
Introduction
The 4012 and 4016 diesel engines are a family of 12 and 16 cylinder turbocharged diesel engines, designed
by Perkins Engines Company Limited, Stafford, a world leader in the design and manufacture of high-
performance diesel engines. They form part of the 4000 Series range of engines.
Perkins approved assembly and quality standards, together with the latest technology, have been applied to
the manufacture of your engine to give you reliable and economic power.
Read and remember the "Safety precautions" on page 2. They are given for your protection and must be
observed at all times.
To ensure that you use the correct information for your specific engine type, refer to "Engine identification" on
page 11.
Note: The terms ‘left side’ and ‘right side’ apply when the engine is viewed from the flywheel end.
Special tools are required to perform certain operations. A list of those required for the operations described
in this handbook is given in "Service tools" on page 9. Reference to the relevant special tools is also made at
the beginning of each operation, along with those which are universally available (UA) and any additional
specialist supplied equipment (SP) required.
Danger is indicated in the text by two methods:
Warning! This indicates that there is a possible danger to the person.
Caution: This indicates that there is a possible danger to the engine.
Note: Is used where the information is important, but there is not a danger.

Table of Contents

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Perkins 4016 Specifications

General IconGeneral
Engine TypeDiesel
Number of Cylinders16
Bore160 mm (6.3 inches)
Stroke190 mm (7.48 inches)
Fuel SystemElectronic unit injectors
Lubrication SystemWet sump

Summary

General Information

Introduction

Describes the Perkins 4012 and 4016 diesel engines, their design, and series.

Safety Precautions

General Safety Guidelines

Essential safety rules for engine operation and servicing, including general precautions.

Guards and Protection Equipment

Safety measures concerning guards on moving parts and required personal protective equipment.

Naked Flames and Fuel/Oil Pipes

Safety related to naked flames and checking fuel/oil pipes for leaks.

Shutdown Equipment Safety

Safety considerations for engine shutdown systems and emergency stops.

Operating Safety Procedures

Start-up Safety

Safety considerations to be followed before and during engine start-up.

Electrical and Component Safety

Safety measures for electrical systems and handling hot or freezing components.

Exhaust System and Shutdown Safety

Safety checks for the exhaust system and proper engine shutdown.

Additional Safety Precautions

Flammable Fluids and Clothing

Safety rules for handling flammable fluids and appropriate clothing.

Lifting and Waste Disposal Safety

Guidelines for safely lifting heavy components and disposing of waste materials.

Engine Care and Maintenance Overview

How to Care for Your Engine

General guidance on maintaining engine performance and longevity through correct operation.

Dangers from Used Engine Oils

Health Protection Precautions

Precautions to minimize health risks and contamination from used engine oils.

Environmental Protection

Guidelines for protecting the environment concerning used lubricating oil disposal.

Specific Material Dangers

Viton 'O' Ring Seal Hazards

Dangers from burnt fluorosilicone 'O' rings and necessary precautions for contact.

Component Cleaning Procedures

Practical steps and precautions for cleaning engine components.

Engine Preservation and Service Information

Ex-Works Preservation Treatment

Details of the preservation treatment applied to engines before dispatch from the works.

Service Literature and Training

Information on obtaining service literature, bulletins, and available training.

Service Tools

Universally Available Tools

List of common tools that are generally available and required for operations.

Perkins Supplied Tools

List of specialized tools that are supplied by Perkins for specific tasks.

Engine Model Descriptions

4012 Series Engine Models

Descriptions and reference codes for various 4012 series engine models.

4016 Series Engine Models

Descriptions and reference codes for various 4016 series engine models.

Engine Identification

Locating Engine Number and Specifications

How to find the engine number and build specification details on the date plate.

Engine Specifications - General Data

General Engine Data

Key technical parameters like cycle, bore, stroke, compression ratio, and rotation.

Engine Weights

Dry weight specifications for different engine configurations and radiator types.

Engine Specifications - Systems

Cooling System Specifications

Details on approved coolants, total water capacity, and temperature limits.

Fuel and Induction System Specs

Specifications for fuel system components and the induction system.

Engine Specifications - Ancillary Systems

Lubrication System Specifications

Details on oil capacity, crankcase pressure, and oil temperature/pressure.

Exhaust, Flywheel, and Starter Specs

Specifications for exhaust system, flywheel housing, engine fixing bolts, and air starter.

Protection Equipment and Electrical System

Protection Equipment Standard Settings

Default shutdown and alarm settings for engine protection devices like oil pressure and temperature.

Electrical System Components

Details of the engine's electrical system including voltage, alternator, starter, and batteries.

4012/16 Engine Wiring Diagram

Wiring Diagram Components (Twin Starters)

List and description of components in the 4012/16 engine wiring diagram.

4012 Engine Wiring Diagram

4012 Wiring Diagram Components

Detailed list of items referenced in the 4012 engine wiring diagram.

4016 Engine Wiring Diagram

4016 Wiring Diagram Components

Detailed list of items referenced in the 4016 engine wiring diagram.

Engine Views

12 Cylinder Engine Views

Visual representation of the 12-cylinder engine from 'B' Bank (gearcase end) and 'A' Bank (flywheel end).

Engine Views - 16 Cylinder

16 Cylinder Engine Views

Visual representation of the 16-cylinder engine from 'B' Bank (gearcase end) and 'A' Bank (flywheel end).

Operating Instructions Introduction

Manuals for Operation and Maintenance

Overview of the User's Handbook and Workshop Manual for engine operation.

Engine Instrumentation

Standard Instrument Panel Description

Description of the individual components making up the standard instrument panel.

Instrument Operation and Readings

Coolant and Oil Temperature Operation

How to read and interpret the engine coolant and oil temperature gauges.

Oil Pressure and Ammeter Operation

How to read the engine oil pressure gauge and the ammeter.

Instrument Gauges and Controls

Tachometer, Keyswitch, and Exhaust Gauge

Operation of the tachometer, three-position keyswitch, and optional exhaust temperature gauge.

Engine Oil Filling Procedure

How to Fill Engine with Oil

Step-by-step guide for filling the engine with the correct amount of oil.

Engine Oil Quantity Specifications

Table detailing oil capacity for 4012 and 4016 engines.

Lubrication System Priming

Priming the Lubrication System

Procedure to prime the lubrication system before initial engine start.

Cooling System Filling

Filling Engine and Charge Cooler Systems

Procedure for filling the engine and charge cooler cooling systems with coolant.

Fuel System Priming - 4012 Engines

Priming Standard Fuel Filter/Separator

Steps to prime the fuel system on 4012 engines with standard filter/water separators.

Fuel System Priming - 4016 Engines

Priming Standard Fuel Filters

Steps to prime the fuel system on 4016 engines with standard filters.

Fuel System Priming - Optional Filters

Priming with Optional Change-Over Filters

Procedure for priming the fuel system with optional change-over filters.

First Engine Start Procedure

Initial Checks and Start-up Steps

Procedures for initial checks and the first start of a new or overhauled engine.

Normal Starting and Shutdown

Normal Engine Starting

Standard procedure for starting the engine using the keyswitch.

Normal Engine Shutdown

Standard procedure for shutting down the engine.

Preventive Maintenance Overview

Maintenance Procedures and Warnings

General guidelines and crucial warnings for performing maintenance on the engine.

Service Schedule - Prime and Baseload

First 100 Hours Service

Maintenance tasks required for the first 100 operating hours.

250 Hours Service

Maintenance tasks to be performed every 250 operating hours.

2500 Hours Service

Maintenance tasks to be performed every 2500 operating hours.

Service Schedule - Prime and Baseload (cont.)

7500 Hours Service

Maintenance tasks to be performed every 7500 operating hours.

15,000 Hours Service

Maintenance tasks to be performed every 15,000 operating hours.

Service Schedule - Prime and Baseload (cont.)

30,000 Hours Service

Maintenance tasks to be performed every 30,000 operating hours.

Service Schedule - Stand-by Duty

Monthly Service Checks

Maintenance tasks to be performed monthly for stand-by engines.

3-Month / 500 Hour Service

Maintenance tasks every 3 months or 500 hours for stand-by engines.

6-Month / 1000 Hour Service

Maintenance tasks every 6 months or 1000 hours for stand-by engines.

Stand-by Set Operating Notes

Specific operating instructions for light load and stand-by generating sets.

Checking Fluid Levels

How to Check Lubricating Oil Level

Procedure for checking the engine lubricating oil level using the dipstick.

How to Check Coolant Level

Procedure for checking the engine coolant level.

Radiator Maintenance

Checking and Cleaning Radiator

Procedures for inspecting and cleaning the radiator cooling fins.

Fan Drive Belt Maintenance

Checking and Adjusting Fan Drive Belts

Procedure for checking tension, wear, and adjusting radiator fan drive belts.

Alternator Maintenance

Checking and Adjusting Alternator Belts

Procedure for checking and adjusting battery charging alternator drive belts.

Engine Oil and Filter Change

Draining Engine Sump and Changing Filters

Procedure for draining the engine sump and changing standard oil filters.

Change-Over Filter Maintenance

Changing Change-Over Filters (Engine Running)

Procedure for replacing change-over filters while the engine is running.

Changing Change-Over Filters (Engine Stopped)

Procedure for replacing change-over filters with the engine stopped.

Centrifugal Oil Filter Cleaning

Cleaning the Centrifugal Oil Filter

Step-by-step guide for cleaning the centrifugal oil filter assembly.

Crankcase Breather System Cleaning

Cleaning the Crankcase Breather System

Procedure for cleaning the crankcase breather elements and associated housing.

Fuel Filter/Separator Change (4012)

Draining and Changing Fuel Filter/Separator

Procedures for draining and replacing the fuel filter/separator on 4012 engines.

Fuel Filter Change (4016)

Cleaning Fuel Strainer and Changing Filter

Procedures for cleaning the fuel strainer and replacing fuel filters on 4016 engines.

Optional Fuel Filter Change (Engine Running)

Changing Optional Change-Over Fuel Filters

Procedure for replacing optional change-over fuel filters while the engine is running.

Air Cleaner Restriction Indicator

Checking and Resetting the Indicator

How to check the air cleaner restriction indicator and reset it after filter change.

Air Filter Element Replacement

Changing the Air Filter Element

Procedure for replacing the air filter element.

Cleaning the Cyclone Unit

Procedure for cleaning the heavy-duty cyclone unit for air filtration.

Valve Train Preparation

Preparation for Valve Clearance Setting

Steps to prepare for equalising bridge pieces and setting valve clearances.

Valve Clearance Setting Sequence

12 Cylinder Setting Sequence

Sequence for setting bridge pieces and valve clearances on 12-cylinder engines.

16 Cylinder Setting Sequence

Sequence for setting bridge pieces and valve clearances on 16-cylinder engines.

Equalising Bridge Pieces

Procedure for Equalising Bridge Pieces

Step-by-step guide to equalise bridge pieces correctly.

Setting Valve Clearances

Procedure for Setting Valve Clearances

Step-by-step guide to set valve clearances accurately.

Checking Valve and Seat Recession

Checking Valve and Seat Recession

Procedure to check valve and seat wear without removing the cylinder head.

Engine Fluids Specifications

Fuel Specifications

BS2869 requirements for engine fuel, including properties and classes.

Lubricating Oil Recommendations

Recommended Oil Types and Viscosity

Guidance on selecting appropriate oil types and viscosity grades for engine operation.

Engine Operation and Oil Selection Notes

Notes on engine operation affecting oil choice and brand information.

Lubricating Oil Change Periods

Oil Change Period Guidelines

Recommendations for normal and extended oil change intervals based on hours and conditions.

Coolant Specifications and Maintenance

Coolant Specification and Properties

Details on coolant mixture composition, properties, and inhibitor.

Coolant Maintenance Schedule

Recommendations for coolant changes and checks for correct alkalinity level.

Fault Diagnosis - Problems and Causes

Common Engine Problems and Their Causes

Lists typical engine problems and their potential causes, cross-referenced with checks.

Fault Diagnosis - Possible Causes List

List of Possible Causes (1-40)

Detailed list of potential causes for engine malfunctions from 1 to 40.

Fault Diagnosis - Possible Causes List (cont.)

List of Possible Causes (41-66)

Continuation of the detailed list of potential causes for engine malfunctions from 41 to 66.

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