Take a 12V system as an example. Peak voltage (Vpp) of the solar panel is about
17V, while the battery voltage is about 12V. In general, when the controller is
charging the battery, the voltage of solar panel is about 12V and does not fully
contribute its maximum power. But, MPPT controller can overcome this problem. It
constantly adjusts the input voltage and current of the solar panel to achieve the
maximum input power.
Compared to the traditional PWM controller, the MPPT controller can provide the
maximum power of the solar panel and thus can provide a larger charging current.
In general, the MPPT controller can improve the energy utilization by 15% -20%
compared with the PWM controller.
Figure 1-2 Solar panel output characteristics curve
In addition, due to the difference in ambient temperature and light conditions, the
maximum power point often changes. The MPPT controller can adjust parameters
according to different conditions from time to time to keep the system near to its
maximum working point. The whole process is fully automatic and does not require
any adjustments by users.
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