Turning
ON/OFF Limit
Line/Limit T
est
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
. A
-30
Segments
Entering Order
Needs
Notice
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
A-30
Saving
the Limit
Line
T
able
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
A
-31
Osetting
the Sweep
P
arameter
or
Amplitude
of
the
Limit
Lines
.
.
.
..
..
A-31
Supported
Display F
ormats
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
A
-31
Use
a Sucient
Number
of
P
oints
or
Errors
May
Occur
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
. A
-31
Displaying,
Printing,
or
Plotting
Limit
T
est
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
A
-31
Results
of
Plotting
or
Printing
the
Display
with
Limit
Lines
ON
.
.
.
..
..
. A
-31
Markers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-32
Three
Types
of
Markers
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-32
Marker
V
alue
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-32
Marker
Time
Mode
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-32
Continuous/Discrete
Mode
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-32
Marker
on
the
Data
Trace
or
on
the
Memory
Trace
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
A
-32
1Mode
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-33
Marker
Search
Function
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-33
Width
Function
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-33
P
eak
Denition
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-35
P
eak
Denition
for
Network
Analyzer
Mode
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-35
P
eak
Denition
for
Spectrum
Analyzer
Mode
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
A
-36
GPIB
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
. A
-37
How
GPIB
W
orks
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-37
T
alker
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
A
-37
Listener
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
A
-37
Controller
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
A
-37
GPIB
Requirements
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A-38
GPIB
Capabilities
of
the
4395A
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-38
Bus
Mode
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-39
Setting
A
ddresses
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-39
Calibration
for
Network
Measurement
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A-40
Introduction
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
A
-40
A
ccuracy Enhancement
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
A
-40
Sources
of Measurement
Errors
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
. A
-40
Directivity
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-41
Source
Match
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-42
Load
Match
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-43
Isolation
(Crosstalk)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-43
Frequency
Response
(Tracking)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
A
-44
Compensation
for
Measurement
Errors
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
A
-44
Modifying
Calibration
Kits
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
A
-45
Glossary . . . . . . . . .
.........................
A-45
Dening the Standards . . . . . . . .
..................
A-45
Standard Types
..........
...................
A-46
OsetandDelay.... .. .. ..
...................
A-47
Specifying the Standard Class
..................
....
A-47
Accuracy Enhancement Fundamentals-Characterizing Systematic Errors
...
A-49
One-Port Error Model
....................
......
A-49
Measuring reection coecient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A
-49
DirectivityError. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. . A-49
Source match error .......................... A-50
Frequency response error .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . A-50
How calibration standards are used to quantify these error terms . . . . . A-51
Two-Port Error Model ... .. .. .. . .. .... .. .. .. .. .. A-54
Measuring Transmission Coecient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-54
Load Match Error .. .... .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. .. . A-54
Contents-14