10-3.
Using the
Marker to
Determine
6
dB
Bandwidth
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
10-4
10-4.
Using P
eak
Search
to
Determine
Ripple
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 10-5
10-5.
Amplitude and
Phase
Response
of
a
SA
W
Filter
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
. 10-6
10-6.
Expanded Phase
Mode
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
10-6
10-7.
Reection Measurement
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
10-7
10-8.
Reection Measurement
Setup
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
. 10-8
10-9.
Return
Loss
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-9
10-10.
SWR
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-10
10-11.
S
11
on
P
olar
Chart
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-11
10-12.
Impedance
Measurement
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-12
10-13.
A
dmittance
Measurement
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-13
10-14.
Gain
Compression
Measurement
Setup
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-14
10-15.
Gain
Compression
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-16
10-16.
Input
vs
.
Output
P
ower
Level
at
the
0
1
dB Gain
Compression P
oint .
.
.
.
.
10-17
10-17.
Carrier
Amplitude
and
Frequency
of
AM
Signal
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
10-19
10-18.
Modulating
Frequency
of
AM
Signal
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-19
10-19.
Wide
Band
FM
Signal
Measurement
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-22
10-20.
Zooming
Carrier
Signal
of
FM
Signal
.
.
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-23
10-21.
Connecting
the
Impedance
T
est
Kit
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-24
10-22.
Connecting
the
T
est
Fixture
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-26
10-23.
C
s
and
D
Characteristics
of
a
Chip
Capacitor
under
Swept
Frequency .
..
..
10-28
10-24.
j
Z
j
and
Characteristics
of
a
Chip Capacitor
under Swept
Frequency .
..
.
.
10-29
10-25.
Equivalent
Circuit
Parameters
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-29
10-26.
Simulation
of
Frequency-based Characteristics
Using Resulting
Equivalent
Circuit
P
arameters
.
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
.
10-30
10-27.
Frequency-based
Characteristics
of
a
Crystal Resonator
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-32
10-28.
Readout
of
the
F
r
and
CI
V
alues
of
a Crystal
Resonator
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-33
10-29.
Equivalent
Circuit
P
arameters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
10-34
10-30.
Simulation
of
Frequency-based
Characteristics
Using
Resulting
Equivalent
Circuit
P
arameters
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-34
10-31.
Admittance
Chart
for
a
Crystal
Resonator
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
10-35
10-32.
Characteristics of
a
V
aractor
Diode
under
DC
Bias
Sweep
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10-38
11-1.
Magnitude Dynamic
A
ccuracy
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
11-4
11-2.
Phase
Dynamic
A
ccuracy
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11-5
11-3.
Noise
Sidebands
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11-8
11-4.
Typical
Displayed
A
verage
Noise
Level
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
11-9
11-5.
Typical
On-screen
Dynamic
Range
(Center:
50
MHz)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
. 11-10
11-6.
Typical
Dynamic
Range
at
Inputs
R,
A,
and
B
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
..
..
..
.
.
11-11
11-7.
Impedance
Measurement
A
ccuracy
.
..
..
..
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11-17
11-8.
8
bit
I/O
P
ort Pin
Assignments
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
. 11-22
11-9. 24-bit I/O Interface Pin Assignment . . . .
.... .. .. .. .. .. ...
11-22
11-10. Trigger Signal (External trigger input) . . . . .
... .. . .. .. .. ...
11-24
11-11. S-P
arameter T
est Set Interface Pin Assignments
...
............
11-25
11-12. Front View
.... .. .. ..
.... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .
11-26
11-13. Rear View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
..............
11-27
11-14. Side View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.... .. .. .. .. .
11-27
11-15. T
otal Reection Magnitude Uncertainty of One-P
ort Device . . . . . . . . . .
11-29
11-16. T
otal Reection Phase Uncertainty of One-P
ortDevice . .. .. .... .. .
11-29
11-17. Total Reections Magnitude Uncertainty of Two-Port Device .... .. .. . 11-30
11-18. Total Reection Phase Uncertainty of Two-Port Device . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-30
11-19. Total Transmission Magnitude Uncertainty of a Low-Loss Device .. .. .. . 11-31
11-20. Total Transmission Phase Uncertainty of a Low-Loss Device .. .. .. ... 11-31
11-21. Total Transmission Magnitude Uncertainty of a Wide Dynamic Range Device . 11-32
11-22. Total Transmission Phase Uncertainty of a Wide Dynamic Range Device . . . . 11-32
11-23. 4395A/85046A System Error Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-34
Contents-19