28
Quantization Steps
U (Voltage)
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2
Digital Words
1111
1110
1101
1100
1011
1010
1001
1000
0000
t (Time)
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
Conversation Rate
8
7
6
5
4
3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
Quantization Errors
(Noise)
Continuous
Analog Signal
Fig. 4.4: Transfer diagram for an ideal linear ADC (2s complement representation)
If you picture an analog signal as a sinusoidal curve, then the sampling procedure may be thought of as a grid
superimposed on the curve. The higher the sampling rate (and the higher the number of bits), the finer the grid.
The analog signal traces a continuous curve, which very seldom coincides with the cross points of the grid. A
signal level at the sampling points will still be assigned a digital value, usually the one closest to the exact
representation. This limit to the resolution of the grid gives rise to errors, and these errors are the cause of
quantizing noise. Unfortunately, quantizing noise has the characteristic of being much more noticeable and
unpleasant to the ear than natural analog noise.
In a digital signal processor, such as the DSP in the ULTRAMIZERPRO, the data will be modified in a number
of ways, in other words, various calculations, or processes, will be done in order to achieve the desired effect
on the signal. This gives rise to further errors, as these calculations are approximations, due to their being
rounded off to a defined number of decimal places. This causes further noise. To minimize these rounding off
errors, the calculations must be carried out with a higher resolution than that of the digital audio data being
processed (as a comparison, an electronic calculator may operate internally with a greater number of deci-
mal places than can be shown on its display). The DSP in the ULTRAMIZERPRO operates with a 24 bit
resolution. This is accurate enough to reduce quantizing noise to levels which are usually below the audible
threshold.
5. INSTALLATION
Your BEHRINGER ULTRAMIZERPRO was carefully packed in the factory and the packaging was designed to
protect the unit from rough handling. Nevertheless, we recommend that you carefully examine the packaging
and its contents for any signs of physical damage, which may have occurred in transit.
+ If the unit is damaged, please do not return it to us, but notify your dealer and the shipping
company immediately, otherwise claims for damage or replacement may not be granted. Ship-
ping claims must be made by the consignee.
5.1 Rack mounting
The BEHRINGER ULTRAMIZERPRO fits into one standard 19" rack unit of space (1 3/4"). Please allow at
least an additional 4" depth for the connectors on the back panel. Be sure that there is enough air space
around the unit for cooling and please do not place the ULTRAMIZERPRO on high temperature devices such
as power amplifiers etc. to avoid overheating.
5. INSTALLATION
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