8-14 DELTA/DELTA XL/KAPPA VF8
8 ECG
AND HEART RATE
Frank Lead Format
The Frank lead format shows cardiac activity in three mutually
perpendicular directions. Seven Frank electrodes (I, E, C, A, M,
H, and F) are combined to produce Frank leads X, Y, and Z (the F
electrode is not necessary for Frank leads). Using this format, a
cardiologist can work with leads X, Y, and Z at the CRS
(Cardiology ReviewStation). However, the bedside and the central
station use the standard and more familiar 12-lead format.
The following tables show Frank electrodes used to derive Frank
leads X, Y, and Z, and the correlation between Frank electrode
positions and chest electrode positions.
When you select
Frank monitoring (see “Twelve-Lead Configurations (Standard and
Frank)” on page 8-11):
The displayed limb leads are true limb leads. The chest leads remain derived.
Frank leads are converted to standard 12-lead format.
If a Frank electrode falls off, the monitor displays a Lead Off message and the
corresponding Frank electrode label.
Devices connected to the monitor via the network (central station, printers,
CRS) work with data in the 12-lead format.
The CRS can display either the 12-lead or Frank format.
Rest-ECG reports are labeled Derived 12-lead.
Frank electrodes used
to derive Frank leads
Correlation between chest and Frank
electrode positions
Frank Electrode Frank Lead Label Chest Electrode Frank Position
A, C, I X V1 I
F, M, H Y V2 E
A, M, I, E, C Z V3 C
V4 A
V5 M
V6 H
NOTE: Only leads I and II are true limb leads (lead III is calculated). If the RA
electrode is disconnected, lead III appears as a flat line to alert the clinician to the
disconnected electrode. All other leads function as expected.
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