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HI 904
Hanna Instruments HI 904 Uick Start Guide
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QUICK START GUIDE
HI 904
KARL FISCHER
COULOMETRIC TITRATOR
Revision 1.0
www
.hannainst.com
2
Table of Contents
Quick Start Guide
3
Table of Contents
3
Safety Measures
6
Titrator Connections
7
User Interface
8
How to Select Your Language
9
How to Use the Contextual Help
9
Methods
9
Before Performing the First Titration
10
How to Perform the First Titration
10
Table of Contents
19
Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION
21
Setup Chapter 2.
23
Chapter 2 SETUP
23
Setup
24
Unpacking
25
Safety Measures
26
Installation
27
Titrator Top View
27
Titrator Rear View
28
Titrator Left-Side View
28
Titrator Assembly
29
Connecting the Air Pump
29
Connecting the Reagent Adapter Holder
30
Titration Vessel
31
Titration Vessel Components
32
Electrical Connections
34
Reagent, Waste Bottle Assembly
35
Reagent Exchange Adapter
36
User Interface Chapter 3.
37
User Interface
38
Start up
39
User Interface
39
Description
40
Keypad
40
Function Keys
40
Option Keys
40
Arrow Keys
41
Numeric Keys
41
Enter Key
41
Display
41
The Idle Screen
42
The Process Screen
43
Entering Text
44
Menu Navigation
44
Selecting a Menu Item
44
Selecting an Option
44
Saving Modifications
45
General Options Chapter 4.
47
General Options
48
Date and Time Setting
49
Display Settings
50
Beeper
51
Stirrer
51
Language
52
Reagent Exchange Reminder
52
Save Files to USB Storage Device
53
Restore Files from USB Storage Device
54
Calibration Check
55
USB Link with PC
55
Setup Balance Interface
56
Printer Mode
57
Reset to Default Settings
58
Update Software
58
Methods Chapter 5.
59
Default Chapter
61
Methods
61
Selecting Methods
61
Deleting Standard Methods
62
Standard Methods
62
Upgrading Standard Methods
62
Creating User Methods
63
Restoring the Standard Methods to the Manufacturer's Settings
63
User Methods
63
Chapter 3 . USER INTERFACE
64
Chapter 4 . GENERAL OPTIONS
64
Chapter 5. METHODS
64
Deleting User Methods
64
View / Modify Method
64
Method Options
65
Naming the User Method
65
Method Revision
66
Method Type
66
Pre-Analysis Stir Time
67
Stirring Speed
67
Stirbar Type
68
Drift Entry
68
Reagent Name
69
Sample Parameters
70
Sample Determination
70
Sample Name
71
Sample Type
71
Sample Density
72
Sample Size
72
Dissoluted Sample Size
73
External Solvent Size
73
Extracted Sample Size
73
Control Parameters
74
Titration Speed
74
Standby Duration
75
Standby Mode
75
End Point Value
76
Imposed Current
76
Generator Current Mode
77
Signal Averaging
77
Termination Parameters
78
Maximum Duration
78
Maximum Titrated Water
79
Termination Criterion
79
End Point Stability Time
80
Result Unit
80
Printing
80
Bromine Index
81
Methods
83
Chapter 6. TITRATION
85
Idle
85
Pre-Titration
85
Drift Analysis
86
Standby
87
Sample Analysis
88
Auxiliary Functions
95
Chapter 7. AUXILIARY FUNCTIONS
97
Air Pump
97
Filling the Vessel
97
Emptying the Vessel
97
Stirrer
98
Results
99
Review Last Titration Report
99
Review Available Reports
100
GLP Data
100
Meter Information
101
Setup Titration Report
102
Maintenance, Peripherals Chapter 8.
103
Maintenance, Peripherals
104
Detector Electrode Maintenance
105
Generator Electrode Maintenance
105
Reagent Adapter Holder Maintenance
106
Reagent Exchange Adapter Maintenance
106
Connecting an External Display
107
Peripherals
107
Connecting an External PC Keyboard
108
Connecting a Printer
110
Connecting to a Computer
111
Methods Optimization
113
Chapter 8 . MAINTENANCE, PERIPHERALS
115
Chapter 9. OPTIMIZATION
115
Titrator Settings
115
Control Parameters
115
Endpoint Potential and Polarization Current
115
Signal Averaging
116
Titration Speed
116
Termination Parameters
117
Drift Stop Termination Criteria
117
Relative Drift Stop
117
Stability Time
117
Absolute Drift Stop
118
Method Options
118
Background Drift Rate Entry
118
Pre-Analysis Stir Time
118
Stirring Speed
118
The Sample
119
Proper Sampling Procedure
119
Determining the Optimal Sample Size
119
Solid Samples
119
Liquid Samples
120
Sample Preparation Techniques
121
Dilutions
121
External Dissolution
121
External Extractions
121
Heating
122
Homogenization
122
Karl Fischer Reagent System
123
Water Standards
123
Appendix 1. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
129
Appendix 2. RECOMMENDED REAGENTS
131
Appendix 3. TITRATOR COMPONENTS
137
Titration Theory
151
Introduction
153
General Review of Titration Theory
153
Introduction to Titrations
153
Uses of Titrations
153
Advantages and Disadvantages of Titrations
154
Amperometric Titrations
155
Potentiometric Titrations
155
Titrations According to the Measurement Method
155
Types of Titration
155
Spectrophotometric Titrations
156
Karl Fischer Titrations
157
History of Karl Fischer Titrations
157
Volumetric Karl Fischer Titrations
158
Coulometric Karl Fischer Titrations
158
Generator Electrodes with Diaphragm
159
Generator Electrode Without Diaphragm
159
Visual Indication of Karl Fisher Titrations
160
Electrometric Indication of Karl Fisher Titrations
160
Titrations According to the Reaction Type
157
Acid-Base Titrations
161
Argentometric Titrations
162
Complexometric Titrations
163
Ion Selective Titrations
163
Non-Aqueous Solvent Acid-Base Titrations
163
Precipitation Titrations
164
Redox Titrations
164
Back Titrations
165
Multiple End Point Titrations
165
Titrations According to the Titration Sequence
165
Introduction to Titration Apparatus and Typical Titration Procedure
167
Manual Titration
167
Automatic Titration
168
Accuracy
169
Errors with Titrant and Standard
169
Preparation Errors
169
Repeatability
169
Sampling Errors
169
Sources of Error
169
Titration Results
169
Chemical Reaction Errors
170
Dispensing Errors
170
End Point Determination Errors
170
Calculation of Water Content as % Mass from Samples Measured by Mass
171
Calculation of Water Content as % Mass from Samples Measured by Volume
171
Calculation of Water Content as % Mass Subtracting Background Drift Rate
171
Calculation of Water Content as % Volume from Samples Measured by Volume
171
Calculations
171
Equations Used in Karl Fischer Titrations
171
Calculation of Titer (Water Equivalent of the Titrant) Using Sodium Tartrate Dihydrate Containing 15.66% Water by Mass
172
Calculation of Water Content in External Dissolution Samples
172
Calculation of Water Content in External Extraction Samples
172
Calculation of Water Content in Gaseous Samples
172
Calculation of Titer (Water Equivalent of the Titrant) Using Water Standards
173
Equations Used in Titrations
173
Sample Calculation
173
Standardize Titrant
173
Blank Titration
174
Multiple End Point Titration
174
Back Titration
175
Glossary
176
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Quick Start Guide
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Hanna Instruments HI 904 Specifications
General
Brand
Hanna Instruments
Model
HI 904
Category
Laboratory Equipment
Language
English
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