Hanna Instruments HI 904

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TITRATION THEORY

4.3.2.2 Dispensing Errors............................................................................................... 22

4.3.3 Chemical Reaction Errors ................................................................................22

4.3.4 End Point Determination Errors .......................................................................22

5 CALCULATIONS ..........................................................................................23

5.1 Equations Used in Karl Fischer Titrations .................................................. 23

5.1.1 Calculation of water content as % mass from samples measured by mass ..........23

5.1.2 Calculation of water content as % mass from samples measured by volume .......23

5.1.3 Calculation of water content as % volume from samples measured by volume....23

5.1.4 Calculation of water content as % mass subtracting Background Drift Rate .........23

5.1.5 Calculation of water content in External Dissolution Samples .............................24

5.1.6 Calculation of water content in External Extraction Samples ...............................24

5.1.7 Calculation of water content in Gaseous Samples ..............................................24

5.1.8 Calculation of Titer (water equivalent of the titrant) using sodium tartrate dihydrate

containing 15.66% water by mass ............................................................................24

5.1.9 Calculation of Titer (water equivalent of the titrant) using water standards .........25

5.2 Equations Used in Titrations ...................................................................... 25

5.2.1 Sample Calculation .........................................................................................25

5.2.2 Standardize Titrant .........................................................................................25

5.2.3 Blank Titration ...............................................................................................26

5.2.4 Multiple End Point Titration .............................................................................26

5.2.5 Back Titration ................................................................................................27

6 GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................28

Hanna Instruments HI 904 - Page 152