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IBM 5100 Apl Reference Manual
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(
(~i
Notes:
1.
The
ATTN
key
is
not
operative
during
the
)MARK
command
operation.
2.
If
the
message
ALREADY
MARKED
is
displayed
after
a
)MARK
command
was
issued,
the
specified
file
already
exists
on
the
tape.
To
re-mark
the
specified
file,
enter
GO.
If
the
file
is
not
to
be
re-marked,
press
EXECUTE
to
continue.
CAUTION
If
an
existing
file
on
tape
is
re-marked,
the
original
information
in
the
re-marked
file
and
the
existing
files
following
the
re-marked
file
cannot
be
used
again.
Syntax
)MARK
size
number
of
files
to
mark
starting
file
number
[device]
where:
size
is
an
integer
specifying
the
size
of
each
file
in
1024-byte
(1K)
blocks
of
storage.
The
following
formulas
can
be
used
to
determine
what
size
a
file
should
be
marked.
The
formula
for
a
workspace
file
(the
contents
of
the
active
wo~kspace
written
to
tape
with
a
)SAVE
or
)CONTINUE
command)
is
MAXSIZE=
3+f
(CLEAR-ACTIVE)-;-1024,
where:
•
MAXSIZE
is
the
maximum
amount
of
tape
storage
(number
of
1024-byte
blocks)
that
would
be
required
to
write
the
contents
of
the
active
workspace
to
tape.
•
CLEAR
is
the
value
of
DWA
(see
Chapter
5)
in
a
clear
workspace.
•
ACTIVE
is
th~
value
of
DWA
just
before
the
contents
of
the
active
workspace
are
written
to
tape.
The
formula
for
a
data
file
(data
written
to
tape
using
an
APL
shared
variable
-see
Chapter
8)
when
all
of
the
data
is
contained
in
the
active
workspace
is
MAXSIZE=
r
(WI!HOUT
-WITHH-1
024,
where:
•
MAXSIZE
is
the
maximum
amount
of
tape
storage
(number
of
1024-byte
blocks)
required
to
write
the
data
to
tape.
•
WITH
is
the
value
of
DWA
(see
Chapter
5)
with
the
data
in
the
active
work-
space.
•
WITHOUT
is
the
value
of
DWA
before
any
data
to
be
written
to
tape
was
stored
in
the
active
workspace.
There
is
no
formula
for
determining
what
size
to
mark
a
data
file
when
the
data
is
written
to
tape
as
it
is
entered
from
the
keyboard.
The
amount
of
tape
storage
required
depends
upon
how
much
data
is
entered
from
the
keyboard
and
what
type
of
data
is
used.
For
information
on
how
many
bytes
of
storage
are
required
by
the
various
types
of
data,
see
Storage
Considerations
in
Chapter
9.
Note:
The
file
header
for
each
marked
file
requires
0.5K
bytes
of
storage.
There-
fore,
the
number
of
bytes
of
tape
storage
required
for
each
file
is
the
specified
size
of
the
file
plus
0.5K.
19
22
24
Table of Contents
Default Chapter
3
Table of Contents
3
Chapter 1 . Operation
6
Display Screen
6
Switches
6
Power on or Restart Procedures
6
Display Screen Control
7
Keyboard
9
Attention
9
Hold
10
Execute
10
Command
10
Positioning the Cursor and Information on the Display Screen
10
Copy Display
12
Indicator Lights
12
Process Check
12
In Process
13
Chapter 2. System Commands
14
System Overview
14
System Command Descriptions
14
The )CLEAR Command
17
The )CONTINUE Command
17
The )COPY Command
18
The )DROP Command
19
I the )ERASE Command
19
The )FNS Command
20
The )LIB Command
20
The) LOA D Command
22
The )MARK Command
22
The )MODE Command
24
The )OUTSEL Command
24
The )PATCH Command
25
The) PCOPY Command
29
The )REWIND Command
30
The )SAVE Command
30
The )Sf Command
31
The )SIV Command
31
The )SYMBOLS Command
32
The )VARS Command
33
The )WSID Command
33
Chapter 3. Data
34
Variables
34
Data Representation
34
Numbers
34
Scaled Representation (Scientific Notation)
35
Character Constants
35
Logical Data
36
Scalar
36
Arrays
36
Generating Arrays
37
Finding the Shape of an Array
39
Empty Arrays
40
Catenation
41
Indexing
43
Chapter 4. Primitive (Built-In) Functions
47
Primitive Scalar Functions
47
The + Function: Conjugate, Plus
48
The - Function: Negation, Minus
49
The X Function: Signum, Times
50
The"," Function: Reciprocal, Divide
52
Function: Ceiling, Maximum
53
The L Function: Floor, Minimum
55
The I Function: Magnitude, Residue
56
The * Function: Exponential, Power 54
58
The ~ Function: Natural Log, Logarithm
59
The 0 Function: Pi Times, Circular
60
The! Function: Factorial, Binomial
63
The? Function: Roll
65
The Function: and
66
The V Function: or
67
The'" Function: Not
68
The Afunction: Nand
69
The Vfunction: nor
70
The> Function: Greater than
71
The = Function: Equal to
72
The < Function: Less than
73
The Function: Greater than or Equal to
74
The,; Function: Less than or Equal to
75
The Function: Not Equal to
76
Primitive Mixed Functions
77
The P Function: Shape, Reshape (Structure)
79
The, Function: Rpvel, Catenate, Laminate
81
The Function: Compress
85
The \ Function: Expand
86
The Function: Grade up
87
The 'F Function: Grade down
88
Function: Drop
91
The 1 Function: Index Generator, Index of
92
The ¢ Function: Reverse, Rotate
93
The ~ Function: Transpose, Generalized Transpose
97
The? Function: Deal
99
The 1. Function: Decode (Base Value)
100
The T Function: Encode (Representation)
103
The E Function: Membership
108
The .T Function: Execute
111
The ~ Function: Format
112
APL Operators
115
Reduction Operator (I)
115
Inner Product Operator
117
Outer Product Operator (0 .)
120
Scan Operator
122
Special Symbols
124
Assignment Arrow
124
Branch Arrow -)
125
Quad Quote [!]
126
Comment R
126
Parentheses ( )
126
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IBM 5100 Specifications
General
Release Year
1975
RAM
16 KB - 64 KB
Storage
204 KB tape drive
Display
5-inch CRT
Operating System
APL/BASIC
Processor
IBM PALM (1.9 MHz)
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