Table 1 - Water Quality Requirements for Open-Loop Geothermal Heat Pump System
Parameter HX Material Closed Recirculating Open Loop and Recirculating Well
pH/Calcium Hardness
All pH <7.5 and Ca Hardness <100ppm
Method
6.0 - 7.5
Ryznar Stability Index All --
If > 7.5 minimize steel pipe use
-0.5 to +0.5
If <-0.5 minimize steel pipe use.
Langelier Saturation Index All --
Based upon 150°F HWG and Direct well,
84°F Indirect Well HX
<0.2 ppm (Ferrous)
Iron Fe2 (Ferrous) All -- If Fe2. (ferrous) >0.2 ppm with pH 6-8, 02<5 ppm check
(Bacterial Iron Potential) for iron bacteria
<0.5 ppm of Oxygen
Iron Fouling All --
Above this level deposition will occur
6 - 8.5 6 - 8.5
pH All
Monitor/treat as needed Minimize steel pipe below 7 and no open tanks with pH <8
At H S>0.2 ppm, avoid use of copper and copper nickel
piping or HXs. Rotten egg smell appears at 0.5 ppm level.
Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) All --
Copper alloy (bronze or brass) cast components are OK
to <0.5 ppm
Ammonia ion as hydroxide,
chloride, nitrate and sulfate All -- <0.5 ppm
compounds
Maximum Allowable at Maximum Water Temperature
50°F 75°F 100°F
Copper -- <20 ppm NR NR
Maximum Chloride Levels cupronickel -- <150 ppm NR NR
304 SS -- <400 ppm <250 ppm <150 ppm
316 SS -- <1000 ppm <550 ppm <375 ppm
Titanium -- >1000 ppm >550 ppm >375 ppm
_i _ ........
<10 ppm of particles and a <10 ppm (<1 ppm "sandfree" for reinjection) of particles
Particulate Size and All maximum velocity of 1.8 m/s. and a maximum velocity of 1.8 m/s. Filtered for maximum
Erosion Filtered for maximum 841 mi- 841 micron [0.84 mm. 20 mesh] size. Any particulate that
cron [0.84 mm 20 mesh] size is not removed can potentially clog components
NOTES:
Closed recirculating system is identified by a closed pressurized piping system.
Recirculating open wells should observe the open recirculating design considerations.
NR - application not recommended
"--" No design Maximum