Siemens ISGS - Power Conventions; Complex Power Plane Diagram

Appendix B: Metering
Siemens Energy & Automation, Inc. 59
B.2 Power Conventions
Figure B.1 Complex Power Plane
Phase Angle Ø
Ø=0°, +kW,
kWh Imported,
Power Factor = 1
Ø=180°, -kW,
kWh Exported,
Power Factor = 1
Ø=270°, -kVAR,
kVARh Exported,
Power Factor = 0
Ø=90°, +kVAR,
kVARh Imported,
Power Factor = 0
Ø=0 to 90°
Power Factor Lag
Ø=90 to 180°
Power Factor Lead
Ø=270 to 360°
Power Factor Lead
Ø=180 to 270°
Power Factor Lag
Line Load
Export
Reverse
Negative
(kW/kVAR supplied
by the load)
Import
Forward
Positive
(kW/kVAR consumed
by the load)
B
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