Volvo 9700 - Fuel

Fuel
Diesel fuel - quality and
function
The composition of the fuel is important
for the function, service life and emission
level of the engine. Only use fuels that
fulfil legal requirements, and national and
international standards.
Correct fuel properties is critical to
achieve the specified performance for
power output and fuel economy, and to
be able to meet emission requirements.
Quality requirements
General quality requirements
Examples of standards used:
• EN590 (with nationally adapted cold
requirements)
• ASTM D 975 No 1–D and 2–D
• JIS KK 2204
For environmental reasons, some
countries have more stringent demands
than the basic standards. For instance:
• Sweden – Environmental class 1 and
2
• Finland – City-diesel
• Denmark – Special qualities for
buses and distribution vehicles
• California – CARB specification
These fuels produce less toxic exhaust
emissions than standard fuels and can
therefore be recommended. They can
cause a slightly lower engine power
output, and an increase in fuel
consumption.
NOTE
The injection equipment must not be
adjusted to compensate for any loss of
power.
Always observe the utmost cleanliness
when handling diesel fuel. Make sure
that it is clean around the fuel filler and
fuel filler cap when fuelling. When
refuelling from your fuel reservoir, be
careful to filter the fuel and ensure that
all reservoirs are clean.
To avoid condensation from forming in
the tank, make sure that the tank is as
full as possible.
Viscosity and density
Viscosity and density are directly
connected to engine performance,
emissions and service life. Low viscosity
and density reduce engine output.
Unusually high viscosity and density
impact negatively on exhaust emissions
and can impair the service life of the fuel
injection equipment.
Recommended values:
• viscosity: 1.5 cSt - 4.5 cSt at 40°C
• density: 810–860 kg/m
3
at 15°C
Water and particles
Make sure that water and particles do
not occur in the fuel and the fuel tank
because this causes corrosion and wear
of the injection equipment. The water
also facilitates bacterial and fungal
growth in the tank, that can cause the
filter to clog. In cold weather the water
that is not dissolved can freeze and clog
the fuel supply. A primary filter with water
separator must be fitted in markets
where water and particles commonly
occur.
Properties at low temperatures
In cold weather the resistance of the fuel
is limited by its capacity to filter at low
temperatures. National standards specify
the low-temperature requirements for
diesel fuel in different geographic regions
and during different seasons. Oil
companies are responsible to ensure
that low-temperature properties are
sufficient all year round.
Additives
Petrol and alcohol
08
Fuel and emission control
124