STARTING AND DRIVING
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291
battery and its capacity is reduced by the
cold.
•
Use washer fluid (p. 375) to avoid ice form-
ing in the washer fluid reservoir.
To achieve optimum roadholding Volvo recom-
mends using winter tyres on all wheels if there is
a risk of snow or ice.
NOTE
The use of winter tyres is a legal requirement
in certain countries. Studded tyres are not
permitted in all countries.
Slippery driving conditions
Practise driving on slippery surfaces under con-
trolled conditions to learn how the car reacts.
Related information
•
Winter driving (p. 290)
Range for electric operation
The car's range for electric operation depends
on several factors, e.g. the number of active
power consumers. The ability to achieve a long
range varies according to the circumstances and
conditions under which the car is being driven.
Factors that affect the range
The driver can influence some factors, but has no
influence over others. The longest range can be
achieved under extremely favourable conditions
when all factors have a positive impact.
Factors the driver cannot influence
There are several external factors that affect the
range in varying degrees:
•
traffic situation
•
short driving distances
•
topography
•
outside temperature and headwind
•
road condition and surface.
Factors the driver can influence
The driver should be aware that the following fac-
tors affect the range so he/she can operate the
car in an energy-efficient manner:
•
regular charging
•
Preconditioning
•
drive mode
Pure
•
Climate settings
•
speed and acceleration
•
drive mode
Save
•
tyres and tyre pressure.
Power consumers
In order to achieve the longest possible mileage
for electric operation, the driver of an electric car
must think about energy (p. 298) conservation.
The more consumers there are (stereo, electric
heating in windows/mirrors/seats, very cold air
from the climate control system, etc.) that are
switched on - the shorter the potential mileage.
NOTE
In addition to high power output in the pas-
senger compartment, high speed, sudden
acceleration, heavy loads and uphill gradients
can also reduce the possible driving distance.
Driving with electric operation
Select drive mode Pure for the most energy-effi-
cient driving - to get as far as possible with elec-
tric power alone.
Select drive mode
Save at higher speeds during
drives which are longer than the range of the
electricity.
Longer periods of inactive time
During normal hybrid battery charging (p. 297)
some of the charging current is used to keep the
car's drive system ready to drive, mainly to control
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